李德懋 文學의 形成背景에 대하여 － 公安派 受容과 관련하여 －

An inquiry into literary formative background of early Yi Dok-Moo

李德懋(1741~1793)는 조선후기의 탁월한 학자이자 문인이다. 특히 漢詩四家의 한 사람으로서, 이미 당대 국내외의 문인으로부터 그의 문학작품에 대한 우수성을 인정받았다. 지금까지 이덕무에 대한 연구는 이덕무 문학의 특징적인 면모를 살피거나 이덕무 문학의 문학사적 의의를 규명하는데 집중되어 왔다. 그러나 이제는 이덕무 문학을 결과론적인 측면에서만 바라볼 것이 아니라 이덕무 문학이 어떻게 그러한 특징을 가질 수 있게 되었으며, 어떠한 영향관계 속에서 형성되었느냐 하는 과정적인 측면에 눈을 돌려야 한다. 그것은 한 작가의 사유체계는 내ㆍ외적 영향관계 속에서 형성되고, 그러한 사유체계 속에서 형상화된 결과물이 바로 문학작품으로 드러나는 것이기 때문이다. 따라서 본고에서는 ‘이덕무 문학의 근원이 어디인가? 이덕무 문학의 특징적인 면모가 나올 수 있었던 배경이 어디에 있었느냐?’하는 것에 초점을 맞추었다. 이덕무가 활동하던 18세기 조선 문단은 중국에서 수입된 문학사조들에 의해 큰 영향을 받고 있었다. 이덕무 또한 명말청조 여러 문학유파의 영향을 받았는데, 그 중 공안파의 영향은 지대한 것이었다. 이덕무 문학의 형성 배경으로 작용했던 공안파 수용에 대하여 교유관계와 독서체험 측면에서 확인할 수 있었다.

The collection, 『Chung-Jang-Kwan-Jeon-Seo(靑莊館全書)』 of Yi Dok-Moo, is not only vast in a quantitative respect, rich in contents. he following points are verified as a consequence of classification according to period. Most of his literary works are written in his twenties(18~29), decreased in thirties. After he became Keum-Seo-Kwan at 39, his personal Writings dereased considerably, but proofreadings, editings increased which are conducted by royal orders. Although his writing is more abundant in his 30's than 20's, it is not suitable for criticis because writings in his 30's are scholary study, not pure literature. Therefore his literary productive acheivement is accomplished in his early 20's by contents and quantity of works. He spend his teens for etude, and completed the view of literature in twenties, and the view dominated all his lifetime. Literary development background related with human relationship and reading experience is contemplated focus on his 20's writings in this essay. He had relations with Seo-Pa literary men led by Yi Bong-Hwan, Yi Jin, also was influenced by individual style of writing, Cho-Lim(椒林). But he literarily broke up with Yi Jin on difference in reception of Kong-An-Pa. Both Yi Dok-Moo and Yi Jin are infuenced by Kong-An-Pa, but Yi Dok-Moo is more agressive in accepting Kong-An-Pa. Yi Dok-Moo is well known for his erudition and it is result from his reading. He read extensive amount and perused a large quantity of books in end of Ming and early Qing Dynasty. He comprehended thd Chinese literary world as bisection composition - Eui-Ko-Pa and Kong-An-Pa, and he reproached Eui-Ko-PA(擬古派) for plagiarism and copying, on the other hand was benebolent on Kong-An-Pa(公安派). And the cases that he put method to are found in his literature. So literature of Yi Dok-Moo was affected by Kong-An-Pa from his early formative period.