[硏究論文] 中國의 農民離農과 都市問題, 戶口制度 改革

[Research Articles] Peasant Migrants and Urban Problems in China

This thesis provides an analysis on the new problems and causes for reform that derive from how the increase of outsiders (laborers from provincial areas) in Chinese urban areas during the period of amelioration affect the management and the security of the political and social structure of these cities. Firstly, this thesis studies the rural exodus from the standpoint that it is rooted in agricultural problems as well as in the demand for labor in urban areas. Secondly, it examines in what aspects the peasant migrants are embossed into the political and social problems of the urban areas. 1) The basis for the peasant migrants not being able to adapt to the urban environment, which in turn causes dissatisfaction, is centered on the double-sided labor market, the division of residential areas and the education of the children of the migrant workers. 2) Due to the increasing unemployment rate which is caused by the reform of the accrediting system, there is fierce competition between the unemployed and the peasant migrant workers. This thesis explains the negative effects of the employment of peasant migrant workers on the city's unemployment problems and its stability. Third, this thesis investigates the changes made of the handling of the peasant migrant workers by the Chinese government through the reformation of the Hukou system (household registration system). The abolition of the temporary residence identification cards in Shenyang, the simplification of processes of household registration for peasant migrants in urban areas (with the exception of the capital and major cities), the authorization of peasant migrants to receive education at public schools, are examples of the methods used to control peasant migrants which are changing from quantitative limiting to administrative management. Fourthly, this thesis examines the meaning to the changes in policy dealing with peasant migrants which is primarily represented by the reformation of the Hukou system for keeping these in line with the Chinese government hopes to focus on social issues. Through this thesis, the following conclusions can be made. Even though the employment of peasant migrant workers in urban areas is decreasing agricultural problems, it may threaten the stability of the urban areas by causing many different types of difficult situations. The chinese government's solution is to ameliorate the handling of the peasant migrants by enforcing administrative limitations and through this the Chinese government will integrate the peasant migrants into the social structure.