[硏究論文] 中國의 外交政策에서 民族主義的 要素의 含意

[Research Articles] From Resistance to Pride: Nationalism in China's Foreign Policy

The primary goal of this research is to offer a different perspective on the analysis of the Chinese foreign policy by examining the changes through the ages of nationalism withing China's diplomatic policies. There are two important questions in this research. Firstly, what are the primary elements that form China's nationalism? And secondly, what specific aspect has the continuing influence of nationalism on China's foreign policy assumed so far? The following is a summary of the information gathered through the research on the questions above. China's nationalism originated from a series of conflicts that arose in order to protect China's civilization and society by opposing the challenges of western civilization which came into force after the Opium War. Through the sense of victimization received from the powerful west, China's nationalism took on the form of resistant nationalism that is based on the resolution that "one must protect China from Western civilization"; however this type of resistant nationalism played a vital role in the formation of China's foreign policy in the latter part of the 20th century. Because of these characteristic changes of nationalism, China's foreign policy took on such traits as anti-colonialism, anti-imperialism and anti-hegemony; but due to sensitive reactions toward the question of sovereignty, such aspects as independence, self-regeneration, self-existence were stressed. Current diplomatic policies of China, which are based on resistant nationalism in the latter half of the 20th century, are showing signs of change. Diplomatic policies that stress national pride are appearing in relation to China's future. Although the current course of China's diplomatic policy, which is represented by such characteristics as anti-hegemony, anti-Occident, and anti-foreign influence, still possesses existing traits of such as the sense of victimization received from large and powerful countries and the need to protect China from them, China is concentrating all its efforts into strengthening its status in foreign affairs. The reason for the formation of these types of policies is the rediscovered confidence of China's power which resulted from the country's rapid economic growth after the implementation of reformed and open policies of Deng Xiaoping. The efforts made on teh part of China in strengthening their current status in international affairs can be seen through policies that make attempts at developing relations with other large and powerful countries. All of these efforts have been made in order to resist influential policies and hegemony, to emphasize that they are the advocators for the Third World and to restrain the rebuilding of a uni-polar system that is ruled over by the U.S. These efforts loosen the effects of the asymmetric deterrent strategy that may be adopted by large and powerful countries who acknowledge China as a threat to them. On the other hand, it can also be argued that China's is trying to actively take on its leading role as a great power of the Third World. Formally, China has repeatedly denied accusations that it has intentions of securing a hegemonic role for itself; however in recent years China has shown no signs of denying its growing level of international status and influential power. China's is also making its desires of becoming a rich and powerful country by building a new international order evident. The demonstration of this type of national pride shown by the Chinese is an attempt to revive the honorable days of Sino-centrism hence it is receiving much public attention from across the globe.