積石塚으로 본 百濟 建國集團의 南下過程

Migration Process of the Founders of Baekje: From a Stone-mound-tomb Perspective

While historical documents indicate that Baekje(百濟) was founded in 18 B.C. by immigrants from Koguryo(高句麗) or Puyo(夫餘), it has not been clear whether the immigrants came from Koguryo or Puyo. The distribution of the Stone-mound-tombs(積石塚), the main graves of Koguryo, in the central area of the Korean Peninsula, however, strongly suggests that the founders of Baekje were immigrants from Koguryo, rather than Puyo. The Stone-mound-tombs, discovered in central area of the Korean Peninsula, are divided into three types, Koguryo-type(高句麗式), Baekje-type(百濟式) and Malgal-type(靺鞨式). Among them Koguryo-type provides a key to tracing the migration routes from Koguryo area to southern part of the Han River(漢江) Valley in Seoul, the key area of Hanseong-period(漢城時代) of Baekje. The distribution of the Stone-mound-tombs of Koguryo-type suggests that immigrants from southern part of the Yalu River(鴨綠江) Valley arrived and established early Baekje in the Imjin River(臨津江) Valley first. Then, they re-moved to southern part of the Han River Valley in Seoul in the mid-third century. The immigrants from Koguryo, coming via Imjin River Valley, built the Koguryo-type large-scale Stone-mound-tombs at Sokchondong(石村洞) as well as a large-scale castle at Pungnapdong(風納洞). From these lines of archaeological evidence, it is suggested that the early Baekje was founded around the late 2nd century in the Imjin River Valley[江北慰禮城時代], and the full-fledged Baekje State begun around the mid-3rd century in the Han River Valley in Seoul[江北慰禮城時代(漢城時代)].