百濟復興運動의 失敗 原因

Reasons in the Failure of the Baekje Dynasty Restoration Movement

Followings are the reasons that caused a failure of the Baekje Restoration Movement. First was the internal trouble in the restoration leading parties. When the Buyeopung, the prince of the Baekje, returned the home country from Japan in September of 661, the Baekje refugees accepted his crown. However, not long after his arrival, there showed inner fractions in the political groups such as Boksin's assassination of Dochim. After Dochim was killed, the King Pung and Boksin confronted for the leadership of the restoration movement. In June 663, King Pung ordered a death sentence to Boksin. Now, King Pung was the primary leader; however, there still were few people who refused to join King Pung such as Satasangyeo and Heukchisangji. They surrendered to Tang Dynasty. The second was the failure of Japan's support for Baekje restoration movement. As for Koguryo, it showed series of activities to support Baekje's restoration. For example, Koguryo attacked Chiljung castle of Silla in November 660 and also attacked Sulcheon castle and Bukhan mountain fortress wall with Malkal army, as an ally, in May 661. However, it was hard for Koguryo to support Baekje restoration movement when Koguryo had to fight against Tang Dynasty. Koguryo could directly be involved in military support for once when Tang Dynasty briefly stopped invading Koguryo in 663. However, this force was defeated on its way to Baekje territory by the Tang army. Japan sent out troops to Baekje; however, Japan's forces were seriously defeated at Book river combat in August 663 due to its lack of combat skills. Japanese forces were inferior and never could win over the highly trained and selected members of Silla- Tang forces. Third was the lack of economic basis. Baekje Restoration army could fluently supply food and other artilleries based on the farming ability in its territory. Japan also provided artilleries and food. This was the origin of power that Baekje Restoration army. With this, Baekje army could show superior power than Silla- Tang forces. This was what made then to be able to resist and to fight for a long time. However, in Feb of 663, Silla took over major castles that managed the breadbasket of the southern Korean peninsula. Silla forces occupied Keoyeol castle, Keomul Castle and Sapyoung castles. For this, Baekje Restoration army lost its basis for food supply. When Silla captured the Deokan castle, the most important castle that could control the Non-san field, Baekje Restoration army had serious difficulties in food and artillery supply. Deokan castle was important for its location measure. For this, the Silla- Tang forces could defeat the Baekje Restoration army.