韓國 傳統村落의 形成과 發達에 관한 小考

A Study on Formation and Development of Traditional Settlement in Korea

The foundation of human life has been dependent upon settlement that consisted of their residence and land. In this paper, 'traditional settlement' was termed as general settlement from prehistoric age to Chosun dynasty. The contents of this paper is as follows: First, I have classified settlement types in that who are the leading groups in forming settlement, and then described their characteristics. Second, I have studied the location of traditional settlement by their types. Also, I have considered the forming process of traditional settlement by successive cross section method. Third, I have inquired the developing pattern of traditional settlement in Korean territory. The aim of this paper is to study on the development and formation of traditional settlement by the leading groups in Korea. Traditional settlement is classified into 5 types as follows: settlement by Ssijok group from prehistoric age to ancient nation of Silla, settlement by Pyungin group in Silla as unification, settlement by Baeksung group in Koryo, settlement by Sajok that consist of the scholar group of a relative on the mother and father's side in the first half of Chosun. settlement by Dongjok that consist of the scholar group of a relative on the father's side in the second half of Chosun. Regardless of settlement types, the location of settlement dependent upon environment that it can be arable land. In the end of Chosun dynasty, the location of settlement move to severe barren land that it can be arable land. Thus settlement located in arable land. Due to a cultivating and agricultural technique of the leading group, location of settlement diffused to the barren land. In addition, settlement location of Ssijok and Pyungin was affected by defense conditions, Baeksung by land-ownership systems, Sajok and Dongjok by Confucianism & Pungsu. They chosen the location of settlement with acquirable water and food, secure place which can escape from social instability, sustainable relationship within a blood- based community. Settlement was differentiated in basis of segregation of it. There has been a certain pattern: a short- or a long- distance segregation. The former was happened due to change of dynasty, wars, a struggle between political parties. The latter was due to expansion of arable land, a family segregation. The regional development of traditional settlement has characteristics as follows: I) regional diffusion by segregation of settlement, 2) development of settlement by geographical, social and economical distance, 3) segregation of settlement by social class. Human group makes the settlement. Therefore I think that it is important to understand the leading group in the settlement formation in order to study traditional settlement involving cumulative historical events.