朝鮮時代 古地圖에 표현된 東海 地名

The Name of the East Sea on the Korean Old Maps

This article is to review old Korean maps produced in Chosun dynasty prior to the annexation of Korea by japan in 1910 and see how the East Sea, a sea surrounded by the countries Korea, japan, Russia, and China, is described in them. There are many old Korean maps included in the Upchis(邑誌, chorographic records by county) and other general books as well. However, this article will concentrate only on the old maps produced exclusively as a map. Due to the invasions by China in the 13th century, japan in the 16th century, and twice by the Ching Dynasty in the mid 17th centuries limited the number of old maps remaining to date. As most of these existing old Korean maps were produced after the 17th century. The East Sea in these in Chosun dynasty maps are presented in one of the following 8 ways. First, the East Sea appears in the map but without a place name, this type of documentation appears in the greatest number of maps. Second, there is only a direction mentioned as 'East' in the empty space of the sea on these maps. As it has no specific place name, it can be categorized as being similar to the first type of representation in the maps. Third, the maps, where the East Sea is described as Taehae (大海, great sea)', 'Hae (海, sea)', Tongjo Taehae (東抵大海, easttoward great sea)', or 'Tongjop Taehae (東接大海, east adjoining great sea). These types of maps comprise the second largest number of maps. Fourth are the maps, where the East Sea is clearly mentioned as 'Tonghae (東海, East Sea)'. On the fifth type of map, 'Tonghae' is written on the land, not in the space of the sea. Sixth, these maps describe the sea as 'Taehanhae (大韓海, Great Korean Sea)'. Seventh, these maps describe the sea as 'the Sea of japan' (日本海). Eighth, these maps have unique traditional names such as 'Changhae Uum, a blue expanse of water; Blue Sea)', and 'Tongyanghae (東洋海, the Oriental Sea), As the first and second types of maps have no specific place names, they have been excluded from the analysis of this paper, and the analysis will be from the third through the eighth types of maps. After the 18th century, maps with the East sea mentioned as 'Tonghae' increased tremendously both in number and category. In almost all types of Korean old maps including world maps, general maps, provincial maps, and kun-hyon(county) maps there appears 'Tonghae (East sea), In particular, in terms of map maker, the government mostly produces the maps referring to the East Sea as Tonghae. As time goes by, a growing number of maps described the East Sea as 'Tonghae.' Beside, though small in number, it is noteworthy that they refer to the East Sea as blue sea, 'oriental sea', 'great Korea Sea'