청동·초기철기시대 중국북방지역 단검의 형식분류와 지역성 검토

Examination to the northern Chinese daggers' formal classification and regional properties in the Bronze age and the early Iron age

This study is to classify the northern chinese daggers according to type and clarify their regional distinctions in the Bronze age and the early Iron Age. There are 64 objects of the Bronze age's daggers as the subject of this study to devide into three groups. Group A is representative by the dagger with bended handle. Group B has three grooves on a handle of daggers, and Group C has a flat handle, which is distinct iron other groups. Each group's daggers are divided into 13 types by decorative foam on handles being considered as the most important attribute of daggers and then divided them into 28 sub-types by compounding attributes, for instance. handles' feature, barbs' feature. and others. Although it is verified that daggers from each group have definite chronological orders. it will be discussed hereafter. A great number of the Bronze age's daggers are distributed over two regions: Ordos-the western Shanxi province and the northern Hebei province and it's outskirt. Each regions' daggers bring out remarkable contrasts to daggers' attributes. For example, bell style daggers. which have not founded Iron other areas. are characteristic with 'roof' and 'bead' in Ordos-the western Shanxi province. As mushroom style daggers Iron the northern Hebei province, and it's outskirts are also founded in Minusinsk region of Siberia. these area could have held close correlation with Karasuk culture. There are 174 objects in the early Iron age as the subject of this study. In the beginning they were also examined with morphological analyses. but taken the method of intuitional analyses, because these daggers tend to exist individually rather than as a group. It is proved that groups of daggers in morphological analyses have the same decoration on their handle and guard. It is coincided with the method of formal classification of daggers from 'Scythia', which were set a standard for decoration on their handle and guard. As a result, daggers in the early Iron age are divided into 26 types according to decoration of their handle, and then sorted out 24 sub-types by guard's form. Comparing the bronze age's daggers as Group A. Group 13, and Group C with the Iron age's daggers. it becomes clear that continual increasing in different types of decoration on daggers' handle might mean the fact that various styles of daggers could have used as time goes by, In the early Iron age, the major geological distribution of daggers are divided into three regions; Ordos and it's outskirt, Ningxia-the eastern Gansu, and the northern Hebei province and it's outskirt, The daggers Iron Ordos and it's outskirt represent far more similarities to daggers of the Scythian World', which are founded in other regions, This circumstance is also verified in daggers from Ningxia-the eastern Gansu, On the other side, daggers from the northern Hebei province and it's outskirt have more distinguished form in decoration on their handle and guard, even though they include certain commonness comparing with daggers of 'the Scythian World', Since the northern Hebei province and it's outskirt is located on the border of 'the Protoxiongnu-the Scythian World', 'Liaoning type bronze dagger culture', and 'Central chinese culture', daggers from these area display not only local factors, but also elements of 'Scythia', 'China', and 'Liaoning', Overall, it was verified that daggers from the Bronze age's and the early Iron Age's sites in the northern China represent the formal differences and the significant regional properties according to distributed regions. This fact would be very important meaning for the future study related on the minorities in the northern China.