영어 전치사/접속사 BUT의 성격 재고

Doo-Shick, Kim. 2004. English preposition and/or conjunction But Reconsidered. The British & American Language and Literature 20-1. 67-98. There has been no consistency among scholars and dictionaries as to the categorial status of but, as shown in This car is anything but slow and I am all but ready. In this paper, <X but Y> is viewed as a correlative, composed of an endorsing item, which occurs in the determiner position of the phrase X and but, a conjunction, as in other correlatives like 'either ... or ..' etc. Endorsing items involved in X are shown to be indefinite determiners (e.g. all, no, every, any, all, etc.) which are sensitive to the non-assertive context. To support this view, the paper examines the semantic correlationship between X and Y, which turned out to be the <whole-part> relation in general, and the syntactic or semantic parallelism between the head of X and Y. In this paper, a derivation of 'X-but' cleft, comparable to wh-cleft in terms of structural constraints involved in Y, is also suggested to validate Y's syntactic categories as AP, VP, S, etc., which are adverse to but as an alleged preposition and/or conjunction. An analysis of but-correlatives as clefts is supported by the iconic motivation that clefts in general function as focus markers. 'X-but' cleft is shown to signal that Y, a focus, is a member singled out from a set X, with that member exclusive of that set and thus highlighting it against the included members.