제3세계에서의 腐敗에 관한 연구

Corruption in the Third World Countries

몇몇 예외적인 국가를 (이탈리아 콜롬비아 ) 제외하고는 높은 부패강도와 낮은 일인당 국민소득 및 낮은 사회발전 요인은 서로 같게 나타난다. 아시아와 라틴 아메리카의 나라들에서의 경험은 이러한 시각을 입증해주고 있다. 제도경제학적 접근방법에 따르면, 부패에 감염되기 쉬운 경제주체들의 행위를 변화시키려는 모든 시도들은 한 나라의 경제적 및 사회적인 제도 위에서 시작되어야 한다. 민주화과정, 공공부문에서 증대하는 개혁 효율성 민간부문의 鏡爭親和的인 구조변화 등이 우선적인 본질적 해당행위일 것이다. 또한 NGO의 활성화, 즉 시민운동 단체와 활성화, 감시견(Watchdog) 및 淸廉地帶(Islands of integrity)의 장려는 경제분야와 행정 분야에 있어서 부패감염도를 현저하재 낮추는데 기여할 수 있을 것이다,

A critical analysis of some new contributions in the economic literature related to corruption in the Third World Countries is intended in this essay, Overall, a high rate of corruption has a positive relation with a low level of national income and social development in most countries. The similar findings are seen in many empirical studies conducted in Asian and Latin American Countries. This is because the corruption is also positively related to the failure of rational distribution of income. an extensive waste of public resources, and a lack of investment incentives for economic growth. Then, there must be some ways to cut the vicious circle of corruption and underdevelopment if any Third World Countries can have a desirable economic development and social stability. From the institutional economics. as Bardhan. Klitgaard. Rugemer and many others emphasized. we find it necessary to have a wholesome changes of social and economic institutions. To be more specific, there must be an extensive reform process in democratization. a renewed efficiency in public sectors. and a competition?-oriented structural change in civilian sectors. After all. any changes and reforms to curb the corruptive actions in the Third World Countries need to be done with the participation and involvement with the public offices. However, since they tend to be hesitant in reforming themselves. non?governmental organizations can work as a complementary institutions to curb the corruption.