후기 묵가의 “이명거실(以名擧實)”고찰

이 글은 후기 묵가의 “이명거실”이라는 명제를 논구하여, 그들이 제출한 논리 학설들의 근거를 찾고자 기획되었다. 우선 그들의 ‘실(實)’과 ‘지(知)’ 그리고 양자의 관계, 나아가 그들의 독특한 개념인 ‘고(故)’를 규명하였다. 이러한 규명을 토대로 하여 “이명거실”을 논구함으로써 그들의 명실(名寶)관계, 나아가 물(物)과 사유에 대한 그들 의 입장을 밝혀내었다. 그런 다음 물(物) 과 시유에 관한 그들의 입장이 그들에 의해 제출된 논리 학설들의 근거가 됨을 “화열(火熱)”을 통해 검중해 보았다.

This paper was written to find out the basis of later Mohists’ logical theories. On the First, I analyzed the relation between the object and knowledge. The result is that shi(實) as an object exists prior to human cognition and men have cognitive faculty to perceive shi(實). Next, I dealt with later Mohists ’ understanding of shi(實). On this analysis, I argued that gu(故, cause) implies the essential pa π of thing in myriad pans of thing. On the ground of the above inquiry, I examined the implication of later Mohists’ “ Yi-Ming Ju-Shi” (以名擧寶) which explams the relationship between name and object. I argued that an object regulates its name as a concept firstly and the name as a word expresses the object secondly. Furthermore, I confirmed that later Mohists assert that an object regulates its cognition. Finally, through the review of later Mmists’ proposition of “fire is hot”, I examined their position on the relationship between an object and its cognition can be the foundation of their logical theories.