냉전초기 중동의 안보에 관한 연구

A Study on Security of the Middle East in the Early Cold War Era

It is well known that, in the process of constructing a new international order after the World War II, the conflict between the United States and the Soviet Union around the issue of the northern tier of the Middle East brought about the cold war system which spread to the Europe, Asia, Africa, and whole the world, and stabilized the bi-polar system, dividing the world into the two blocks. This paper aims to analyse the functions and the roles of the Middle East in the international order in cold war era by examining the situations concerning security in the Middle East affected from the zero-sum game between the two exclusive blocks under the bi-polar system. Through this analysis, it is easier to investigate the functions and the roles of the Middle East that had been an important variable in the changes of the international order in the cold war era. For a diachronic inquiry of this theme, it is considered more appropriate to employ a historical approach in general, and to supplement with an analytic approach in some parts for a synchronic inquiry of the theme. This paper is composed of five parts, following the research methodology provided in order to figure out the aims and the purposes of the study that are discussed above. The first chapter serves as a general guide to the whole paper, and chapter 2 examines the conflicting situations between the United States and the Soviet Union in the early years of the cold war era through investigating each of their policies concerning Middle East. Chapter 3 follows with the inquiry on the process of competitions between the two blocks around the defense of Middle East, Chapter 4 with the investigation on the process of the establishment, development, and the disorganization of the Baghdad Pact which was Middle East collective security organization of the West, and Chapter 5 attempts to evaluate the functions and the roles of the Middle East under the conflicts between the East and the West around this region during the early cold war era through earlier investigations.