표기와 음가에 따른 'alif의 기능과 특성

Function and Characteristics of the 'Alif between Spelling and Pronunciation

'Alif, the first arabic character, is considered one of the most important letters that changes according to the spelling and positions of words, and changes with pronunciation. This study aims to define functions and characteristics of 'alif, and to clear up how 'alif changes upon speaking and writing. This paper consistis of five parts, the first is the introduction, and the second chapter is to clarify the differences between 'alif and hamzah. This is considered necessary because some grammarians of Arabic identify 'alif with hamzah. These two graphemes are used each other mainly, and no word started by 'alif does not have its own vowel, and it could not be pronounced on its own. But it can when it is accompanied by hamzah. Even though this is the well-known opinion, I would like to confirm that 'alif is different from hamzah practically. That is because 'alif does not accept vocalization, but is used as an extended letter. As Khali l Ibn 'Abmad points out, hamzah can be written on its own. But this is not the case with' alif. The third chapter will describe the kinds and functions of the written' alif. The 'alif can be spelled into two forms: 'alii maqsurah and 'alif mamdudah. And this paper explains five functions of 'alif as follows: 'alif al-'asl, al-'alif al-muhawwalah, al-'alif al-tawIlah, al-'alif al-za'idah and 'alii al-fasl, Following on from the above ananlysis, the fourth chapter will show differences between written 'alif and spoken 'alif. It is very clear that 'alif is written in shortened form. However it is pronounced fully orally. This difference is represented by deletion or transformation of 'alif in its spelling. And the last chapter will make a brief conclusion based on the aforementioned research.