文化地理學의 構造化 試圖

A Structuralization of Cultural Geography: An Attempt

The aim of this study is to structuralize cultural geography as a discipline. Many existing documents, cultural-geography books and articles concerned were read and examined carefully to introduce historical context and to take good suggestions from the past studies. And to these works author as a cultural geographer added his viewpoints and thoughts on the structure of cultural geography. In these ways, this study was performed. The results of this study are as follows: 1. The first structuralization of geography as a discipline was accomplished in 1919 by N. M. Fenneman. His structure (fig. 1) is different from today's one in structural perspective. In early 1960s P. Greco published his structure of the same discipline which had persuasive and reasonable appraisals and became generally known. In our country the first was structuralization was performed in 1969 by Chan Lee which had some similarity with Greco's one in the flow and relations of the basic concepts of geography. The most recent structuraJjzation was published in 1993 by Taeyeol Seo, specialist in the research of geography education. In political geography which is closely related today to cultural geography S. B. Cohen and L. B. Rosenthal produced jointly their structure in 1971 in the form of sentence and model. Author in 1983 published the structure of political geography too. 2. Past structuralizations of the cultural geography and folk geography as a subfield of the cultural geography were performed by Dadasi Nakagawa(matrix style; 1995) and author(992) of this paper respectively. 3. Author's structuralzation-structure models of cultural geography have two types. Type A is noncircle model(Greco style) of the structure in shape. This model(fig. 11) underlines the relations of basic concepts in dynamic flow from 'culture' to 'change.' 4. Basic concepts based on the A-type structure are culture, cultural diffusion, cultural ecology, cultural process, cultural distribution, cultural regional difference, cultural region, cultural landscape, change, scale, ecological approach, mapping, hermeneutic approach, and historical approach(l4). 5. Type B is circle model of the structure of cultural geography in shape. This model(fig.12) underlines study-focus of cultural geography which locates in the center. Study themes and three dimensions of culture(cultural elements, complexes, and systems) locate in the second and third concentric this circles respectively. In this relations it is expected for attentions to start from the center to third concentric circle. 6. Basic concepts in the B-type structure are culture, cultural character, cultural distribution, cultural process, cultural landscape, cultural region, cultural diffusion, cultural approach, ecology, ecological hermeneutic approach, historical approach, scale, and mapping(3). 7. Comparatively speaking, each number of basic concepts of types A and B are nearly same(14 vs 13). And 'cultural regional difference' and 'change' are only in type A and 'cultural character' only in type B. It, therefore, can be found that two types have no large differences in number and contents of the basic concepts of cultural geography. In addition that author found structuralizations based on the different viewpoints and types had no large difference in the basic concepts. Key words: study focus, basic concepts, structure of discipline, structuralization, discipline's independency