북한 문화어의 사·피동사 연구(Ⅱ)

A Study on Causative and Passive Verbs of North Korean 'Munhwaeo'

As a result of the study on North Korean 'Munhwaeo(문화어), in terms of the derivation patterns of both causative and passive, it was found that there was no unique feature of North Korean in the ways of realizing causative and passive voice from basic verbs, which were classified into six types as in the ways Middle and Modern South Korean realizes its causative and passive voice. When it comes to the condition for combining causative and passive suffixes, in the case of North Korean it was done not only phonologically but also morpho-phonologically, which is the same for South Korean. North Korean suffixes combined with stem based on the ending sounds of the stem. It was, however, often the case that different kinds of suffixes were also combined with the stem with the same ending sounds. Among the North Korean words studied, causative suffixes were found to combine in the order of ‘-u(우)-’(l08) > ‘-j(이)-’(86) > ‘-hi(히)’(72) > ‘-ri(리)-’(71) > ‘-gi(기)-’(36)>‘chu(추)-’(5)>‘-gu(구)-’(4)>ae(애) (1) in terms of frequency while passive suffixes combined in the order of ‘-ri (리)-’(201)>‘-i(이)-’(l85)>‘-u(우)-’(115)>‘-hi(히)-’(80)>‘-gi (기)-’(43)>‘-gu(구)-’(1) One noticeable fact from this result was that the suffix ‘-u(우) -’, used only as a causative suffix in South Korean. was being used as a passive suffix as well in North Korean. As a result. the list of causative suffixes was the same as one of passive suffixes in North Korean unlike in South Korean. Finally, it was found that mostly causative voice was derivated from intransitive verbs in 189 cases while passive voice was from transitive verbs in 424 cases. Only 62 words had their causative voice derivated from transitive verbs. While in the cases of 75 words it showed that the same form of causative and passive was derivated from one common basic verb, the different forms of causative and passive were derivated from one basic verb only in 18 words. These causative and passive derivation patterns of North Korean showed the similar linguistic phenomenon to South Korean in which the same forms of causative and passive are more common than the different forms of them.