비자발적 퇴직자의 대처전략의 영향요인과 아웃플레이스먼트의 조절효과에 관한 연구

Study on the Influences of Coping Strategies of the Unemployed and the Moderating Effects of Outplacement Programs

본 연구는 비자발적 퇴직자의 실업극복을 위한 대처전략에 어떤 영향요인이 작용하는지를 규명하고, 나아가 아웃플레이스먼트 서비스의 도입효과를 검증해 보기 위한 목적으로 진행되었다. 연구의 대상은 기업에서 구조조정 등으로 인해 비자발적으로 퇴직한 실직자 중에서 아웃플레이스먼트 서비스 대상자로 하였고, 203명이 최종분석 대상에 포함되었다. 본 연구의 결과, 실직자의 통제위치와 자기효능감이 실직상태를 극복하는데 있어서 중요한 영향요인이라는 것이 밝혀졌다. 그러나 구조조정의 절차적 공정성 인지는 실직자의 실업극복을 위한 대처전략에 직접적 영향요인으로 작용하지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 한편, 본 연구에서는 아웃플레이스먼트 서비스의 도입을 통해 실직자의 실업극복 행위를 긍정적으로 변화시킬 수 있음이 밝혀졌다. 이는 아웃플레이스먼트 서비스의 도입이 비자발적으로 퇴직한 실직자로 하여금 내적 통제위치를 갖게 하거나 자기효능감을 높이는 역할을 할 수 있음을 시사한다.

The purpose of this thesis is to examine what sort of causes have the effect on the coping strategies of the unemployed against their job loss and to verify affirmative effects of outplacement service programs on their activities for job-regaining. For the purpose of the study, following independent variables have been selected, 3 individual differences such as age, educational level, marriage status, and 4 other factors including procedural fairness in workforce reductions, locus of control, self-efficacy and type of character. As dependent variables, two types of coping behaviors of individual have been used, problem-focused coping strategies and symptom-focused coping strategies. And individual's participating degree in outplacement activities are also chosen as control variables. This study has been performed based upon the 203 respondent's data who participated in outplacement service offered by professional service provider after involuntary job loss in Korea. Hierarchical regression analysis, Partial correlation, T-test, Multiple regression analysis have been used as data analysis tools. Main results of this study are as followings. First, hypothesis that indicate the unemployed with internal locus of control and higher self-efficacy will be more likely to use problem-focused strategies has been adopted. Second, Main effect on individual's coping strategies was not found for procedural fairness in workforce reduction, type of individual character, age, marriage status and education level. Third, hypothesis which stated coping strategies of the unemployed will differ based on individual's participating degree in outplacement service program has been supported. In other words, outplacement service program activities are found to have real effects on moderating the relationships between independent variables and dependent variables.