일반유아와 부적응유아의 만족지연행동 비교

A Study on Delay of Gratification in Preschoolers with and without Maladjustment

본 연구는 일반유아와 부적응유아의 만족지연행동 차이를 먼저 비교하고, 또한 연령, 성별, 사회계층, 인지양식, 기질, 어머니의 양육행동 등의 변인과 이들의 만족지연행동과 어떤 연관이 있는 지를 비교하는데 목적을 두었다. 연구대상은 유아교육기관에 다니는 만 4, 5세 유아 272명(일반유아 207명, 부적응유아 65명)을 최종연구 대상으로 하였다. 만족지연행동은 두 집단 모두 가상적 선택상황과 실제적 선택상황에서 측정하여 제 변인과의 관계를 비교분석하였다. 그 결과, 일반유아가 부적응유아보다 만족지연행동을 잘 하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 일반유아는 연령과 어머니의 양육행동이 만족지연행동에 유의미한 설명력이 있는 것으로 나타난 반면, 부적응유아의 경우는 어떠한 변인도 유의미한 설명력을 나타내지 않았다.

The purpose of this study was to investigate delay of gratification in normal preschoolers and maladjusted preschoolers. And maladjusted preschoolers were compared with normal preschoolers on delay of gratification tasks. The questions of this study were as follows: First, are there any significant differences in delay of gratification between normal preschoolers and maladjusted preschoolers? Second, what are the important contributing factors in delay of gratification in normal preschoolers and maladjusted preschoolers? And are there any differences between normal preschoolers and maladjusted preschoolers? Participants in this study were 272 preschoolers. The samples were classified into two groups: A group of 207 normal preschoolers and a group of 65 maladjusted preschoolers. Preschoolers were examined delay of gratification behavior in the natural and artificial situation. The results were as follows: First, there were significant differences in delay of gratification between normal preschoolers and maladjusted preschoolers. Second, age and mothers' parenting style were found to contribute significantly to delay of gratification of normal preschoolers. However, none of the demographical factors were found to contribute significantly to delay of gratification of maladjusted preschoolers. Suggestions based on the results are as follows: First, various rewards should be selected to maximize the conflicts in the situation of delay of gratification. Second, the larger number of sample should be used for the higher reliability of study results. Third, additional factors which might be related to the delayed gratification behavior of maladjusted preschoolers should be reviewed.