충남 방언의 보조사(2)

Auxiliary Particles of Chungnam Dialect in korean(2)

I discuss the importance of descriptive methods using natural discourse data in dialect studies. I also discuss morphological, syntactic, and semantic aspects of individual particles in Chungnam dialect. [nin/n??n] realizes topic, contrast, and assertion. Functioning like [nin/n??n], [ni, sini/ri, s??ru, turu] are realized as topicalization and emphasis which reinforce foregoing substantives. [mada] has variants such as [madu, madaŋ, mac??ŋ] and realizes “being always the same, periodical repetition, and no change.” [tori] is used for repeated occurrence of some events for a certain period. [taga/taØ] in Chungnam dialect are realized as nominative cases after substantives. They also have various syntactic roles when they are connected with postpositional words. Being connected with ‘-s??+(illaŋ)+(in)+(e/i)’, [taga] functions as a topicalization of [nin] and is used as an emphasis. [raga/raØ/ragas??] in Chungnam dialect are realized as a nominative case as they are replaced with /i/. They are used to specify and emphasize something. Due to its limited syntactic functions, [raga] is hard to be considered an auxiliary particle. Meaning similarity, [manc^hi, m??nchi, m??nc^him] in Chungnam dialect, are used for presupposition and ‘equality’. [manyaŋ] is used for ‘Being modest’. [mando] is used for ‘inferiority to those presupposed’. [manina] is used for ‘equality’ or ‘inferiority’. Dative marker [t??r??] and [poko/ku] are used in spoken language, and [poku] is used in [-animate] and [+human]. In particular, it realizes different syntactic composition from dative markers such as [ege, hant^he/t^hi] and reinforces semantic functions. [til/t??l] in Chungnam dialect are used as plural markers in endings, adverbial phrases, and quoted sentences. In addition, they have the same syntactic composition as ‘-ci+ril’ in three ways. First, they co-occur with‘-malda’ negative sentences. Second, they occur several times in a sentence. Third, they are reduplicated with auxiliary particles. Hence, the functions of [til/t??l] in Chungnam dialect have to be subdivided. [ya/sa] are interchangeable and combined with endings. They can be used as various markers meaning ‘emphasis’ and ‘contrast.’ Representing no more events and situations than those presupposed or the imitation of a range, [p??k'i, pak'e] co-occur with negative sentences. [kiry??, kirya, kiryu] are used as ending auxiliary particles of exclamation where as [yo/yu] are used as those of honorific meaning. An honorific expression in various discourse context, [yu] reflects the relationship between a speaker and a hearer. It is possible to delete when it is used as an additive expression. [poda] is used in contrast of presupposition and emphasis construction. However, it is seen as a particle to realize comparative adverbial phrases because it does not have various syntactic and semantic functions. [man, kacigu/go, s'ik/s'??k, ina, indil, c^h??r??m] in Chungnam dialect have the same syntactic/semantic functions as received standard Korean. [s??k'??n] is not used. [pat^hillu](c^h??r??m] and [rant??tu]([rato]) are realized as particles in Chungnam dialect.