주관적 경력성공의 결정요인에 관한 연구

A Study on the Determinants Affecting Subjective Career Success

조직 간의 자유로운 이동, 가치의 다양화 및 평생직장의 개념이 없어짐에 따라 오늘날의 경력성공은 한 조직에서의 높은 임금이나 빠른 승진보다는 노동시장에서의 고용가능성과 자신의 경력에서 느끼는 심리적 만족이 성공의 기준이 되었다. 그러므로 본 연구에서는 경력만족과 고용가능성을 주관적 경력성공으로 간주하고 이에 영향을 미치는 요인들을 살펴보았다. 본 연구를 위해 국내은행과 국내에서 영업하는 외국계 금융기관의 직장경력 5년이상의 남녀를 대상으로 자료를 수집하여, 454부를 분석에 이용하였다. 연구결과는 경력만족에 영향을 미치는 요인으로는 직무지향적 정치적 행동, 개인-직무 적합성과 상사지원으로 나타났으며 고용가능성에 영향을 미치는 요인으로는 성장욕구, 개인-직무 적합성과 비공식적 네트워크로 나타났다. 개인-직무 적합성은 경력만족과 고용가능성 모두에 가장 크게 영향을 미치는 변수였다. 본 연구는 최근의 고용관계 및 사람들의 가치관의 변화를 반영하여 삼리적인 성공, 즉 경력만족과 고용가능성으로 경력성공을 측정하였다는 점과 이들에 영향을 미치는 개인 차원의 변수들을 밝혔다는데 의의를 둘 수 있다. 또한 비공식적 네트워크와 고용가능성과의 관계를 밝힘으로써 경력성공에 있어 비공식적 네트워크의 중요성을 부각시킨 점도 연구의 시사점으로 볼 수 있다.

This study aims to investigate factors affecting the subjective career success. In the past, studies on career success have been focussed on finding factors affecting the objective career success defined by the number of promotions, annual compensation or position level, etc. But as today's organizations no longer offer lifelong employment, individuals put stress on psychological satisfaction with his overall career and employability in the open labor market rather than rapid promotion or high compensation in an organization. That is, shift in employment contracts from relational to transactional infers a paradigm shift in career success. Therefore, in this study subjective career success was measured in terms of two dimensions: career satisfaction and employability. Through literature review, the predictors of career success were categorized into four: growth needs, political behavior disposition(supervisor-focussed political behavior disposition, jobfocussed political behavior disposition), person-job fitness, social support(i.e., supervisor support, informal network). So the purpose of this research is to investigate how these affect the subjective career success. To achieve the purpose of research, data were collected in 8 Korean banks and 21 American and European banks acting in Korea by questionnaire. Also the sample was restricted to individuals with more than 5 year working experiences, for individuals need to look back over their career. In order to test hypotheses, actually 454 samples were analyzed with multiple regression analysis. Research findings can be summarized as follows: First, job-focussed political behavior disposition, person-job fitness and supervisor support had positive effects on career satisfaction. Especially, person-job fitness was the most influential factor on career satisfaction. Second, factors affecting employability include growth needs, person-job fitness, and informal network. Person-job fitness was the most influential factor of employability, same with career satisfaction. The implications of this research may be summarized as follows. First, career success was defined by career satisfaction and employability, which reflect the change of employment contract, people's value, etc. Furthermore, it was found informal network is very important to get employability in the open labor market.