료따르의 라깡적 읽기: "비인간적인 것", "포스트모던", "숭고"와 관련하여

A Lacanian Reading of Lyotard: In terms of "the Inhuman," "Postmodern" and "the Sublime"

Jean-Francois Lyotard's ideas owe much to Lacanian psychoanalytic insights Without investigation of his indebtedness to Lacanian ethics and aesthetics, understanding of his ideas will stumble Lacanian ethics and aesthetics begin with Freud's statement, "Wo Es war, soll Ich werden" The gap between enunciation of 'Es' In the unconscious and statement of 'Ich' in consciousness can be bridged only through an ethical act--that is why there is 'soll' in the statement 'Ich' as the signifier of the subject, a form for the subject in the Symbolic, is an aesthetical embodiffient of an ethical command of 'Es' coming like a Kantian categorical Imperative Another important Lacan's phrase is lithe supreme narcissism of the Lost Cause" The 'Lost Cause' as the kernel of the subject is nothing but 'Es' without losing its absolute alterity to the subject It is an "extimacy" or "an inhuman partner" of the subject Its trace can be recognized retrospectively when it is put into an aesthetical form as the signifier for the subject Lyotard mentions "the infinitely secret inhumanity of which the soul is hostage" His inhumanity is "the unknown thing 'within'" which exactly reflects Lacan's 'the Lost Cause' of the subject as 'an inhuman partner' And the word of 'hostage' demonstrates a paradoxical situation in which the human subject can exist only through faithful subjection to the inhuman within the subject Lyotard's "passibility" as an ethical attitude is an active passivity to be an hostage to inhumanity as the origin of the human subject. Postmodern as "a procedure of analysis, anamnesis, anagogy, and anamorphosis" cannot be illuminated without consideration of the inhuman origin of the subject as the 'Lost Cause' or the other cause of the human subject What all theses postmodern archeological procedures are doing is to exhume the inhuman cause of the human subject that has been taken up illegitimately by the human subject fabricated in modernity In the postmodern, an legitimate retrieval of the inhuman origin of the human subject is achieved Lyotard explicates "the sublime" through introduction of Barnett Newman's paintings which present an ecstatic moment of listening to the ethical command, "to be" Its Lacanian interpretation will be that the sublime moment is an ecstatic moment m which introduction of the subject into the Symbolic is made through the intrusion of the inhuman which enables the subject to come into 'being' as the signifier in the Symbolic