임진강 유역의 고인돌 분포와 특징

Distribution and Characteristics of Dolmens near Imjin River

The characteristics of dolmens found near Imjin River are as follows : 1) Generally, Table Type dolmens tend to be distributed especially in the northern regions. But only Table Type dolmens are distributed separately in the southern regions near Hantan River. By contrast, more Capstone Type dolmens are distributed in groups in the northern regions near Imjin River. 2) Among 25 dolmens identified by Types, Table Types are 40%(10 dolmens) and Capstone Types are 60%(15 dolmens). The percentage in Table Type dolmens is believed to be rather higher, compared with 33% of Table Type dolmens distributed in the mid upper area of Bukhan river, which flows through Gangwon-do. 3) Among dolmens near Imjin River, at least dolmens at Suip-ri, Jajak-dong, and Geumhyun-ri in Yungpyong Stream and Pochun Stream located in the southern area of Hantan River and at Yangwon-ri near Yangwon Stream are not considered a tomb but a symbolic monument. Their location is supposed to be a place for tribal meetings, festivals and rites. 4) Capstones of dolmens in the tributaries near Imjin River like Namhan River are found to be one-meter bigger than those in the riversides. The reasons for bigger sized dolmens in the tributaries are that tributaries are good for defending, fishing, farming and governing. 5) Based on 5 excavated Grave Rooms, burial method in both Table Types and Capstone Types near Imjin River is considered rather ‘burying bones and cremation’ than ‘expansion burial’ 6) 11 out of 30 dolmens near Imjin River have Cup Marks. 9 out of 11 dolmens have Table Type with less than 10 Cup Marks, while No. 1 and No. 2 with Capstone Type at Jinsang-ri has about 100 Cup Marks and about 80 each. The reason why Capstone Type dolmens have more Cup Marks than Table Type dolmens is that it was relatively easy to climb up and make Cup Marks on Capstone Type dolmens, whereas it was inconvenient to make them on Table Type dolmens. From this view, it can be thought that Cup Marks were made after building dolmens. 7) The date of dolmens in this area, which cannot be determined yet, is presumed later than that of the relics of the Neolithic Age at Sangjapo-ri. 8) Dolmens at Dukeun-ri formed identical cultural circle, for several Table Type dolmens are distributed on the hills in groups, such as dolmens at Osang-ri, Kanghwa and at Dayul-ri and Dangha-ri, Pajoo. Seeing that no Table Type dolmens distributed in the mountain in groups are found near Imjin River, it is assumed that dolmens at Dukeun-ri belong among the cultural circle of Kanghwado rather than of Imjin River. 9) Clearly the quality of stone made into dolmens in this area differs according the region. Dolmens at Imjin River or near the northern Hantan River are mostly made of volcanic stone like basalt(whinstone) but dolmens in the south are mainly made of granite. 10) Brown Minmuni earthenwares and red ground earthenwares found in No.2 at Hakgok-ri lead us to look into the rite performed while making graves. Polished Stone Daggers found near dolmens at Wondang-ri seem to have something to do with the rite. Through the same direction of dolmens as the stream, the marks of grinding on burial accessories and deer bones, the thought of that time can be brought to light.