皇龍寺 九層木塔의 造成에 대한 比較史的 檢討

The Comparative Study on the Erection of a Nine-Story Wooden Pagoda in Temple Hwangyong(皇龍寺)

In 60 years since the Golden Shrine enshrined the venerable statue was constructed Hwangyong Temple with a nine-story wooden pagoda, one of the best buildings in Silla in 645, the 14th year of Queen Seondeok(善德女王), was built up. That has become the object of most attention at Hawngyong Temple. And at the hub of the content there was Jajang(慈藏) who conveyed the need to the erection of a nine-story wooden pagoda to Queen Seondeok after returning home from Dang(唐) in 643. In other words, he insisted that Hwangyong Temple with a nine-story wooden pagoda be erected on the basis of a pagoda of Daeheung Seon Temple(大興善寺) he saw in the capital city during the Sui and early Dang dynasties. In this regard, there was a difference between the time of erecting the temple and the time of building the repaired Golden Shrine in the case that the construction of nine-story wooden pagoda can be understood centering on the admittance of Sui and Dang dynasties' culture. And then I compared these nine-story wooden pagodas constructed all at Yongning, Hwangyong and Taikantaiji temples compared centering on the Golden Shrine beforehand. Taking the plane of wooden towers as a center, Yongning, Hwangyong and Taikantaiji temples have the difference of nine rooms from all quarters, seven rooms from all quarters and five rooms from all quarters, respectively. However, it might be right to say that difference of size would tell the periodic flow of the temple arrangement structure rather than the temple size. Because the importance of wooden pagodas within the temple was downgraded little by little in accordance with the flow of the times. In spite of these facts, the symbol of nine stories has the same. So it might be safe to consider the basic plan of temple arrangement as the same if the mended Golden Shrine of Hwangyong Temple had the same size as the Buddhist sanctum of Yongning Temple and all of nine-story towers were constructed. If that was the case, I suppose the attention was needed to Ahn Hong(安弘), who was thought to suggest the construction of wooden towers before Jajang, and monks who came back after studying in China during the reigns of King Jinheung(眞興王) and King Jinpyeong(眞平王). Meanwhile, aside from this, what is discussed as to nine-story wooden towers is the pagoda building technique of Baekje(百濟). Also, it is found in “Samkukyusa” highlighting Queen Seondeok completed the tower by inviting craftsman Abiji(阿非知) of Baekje after gathering opinions from officials. On the whole, this part was discussed a lot in the history of architecture because it had technological aspects. It is considered, in general, the pagoda building technique of Baekje, especially the wooden tower construction technique of Maitreya Temple(彌勒寺) exercised a great influence on building the wooden tower of Hwangyong Temple. However, although stylobate accumulating technique of wooden tower site, Maitreya Temple site, had some similarities on appearance, the neighboring cornerstones directly buttressing the weight had a big different structure. Also, it was proved that the stylobate accumulating method of Bunhwang Temple(芬皇寺) confirmed through the excavation work lately was the same as that of the nine-story wooden tower of Hwangyong Temple. Consequently, it cannot be seen as invariably copying that of Baekje, just looking at the method of stylobate accumulation. This can make the then role of Abiji understood in a various angle.