서구 근대의 지식관 형성배경에 관한 비판적 고찰

A Critical inquiry into the Background of the Knowledge-view in Modern Paradigm

The purpose of this study is to find an integrated way of restoring the fundamental value of education that has been alienated from modernistic paradigm. The main problems of this paradigm of education lie in its exclusive emphasis on the logical, rational, and analytic pattern of thinking that tends to cause the lack of attention to the multidimensional qualities in education. Subsequently, it has degraded the interior value in education such as holistic, ecological, transcendental and intuitive awareness of the world and human existence. The problem of modem paradigm rooted Scientism in a view of the world and Rationalism in a view of the human. The radical problems of education have been under the influence of the modem view of the world and human. Accordingly, the concepts of "world" and "human" have been twisted in the modem period. As Foucault pointed out in some respect, modem humanism contains the anthropocentricism which has divided human from nature. In modem paradigm, the quantified and objectified knowledge-view have detached fact from value, reason from feeling, and knowledge from experience. So the dynamic process of divergence-integration in all the growth has been distorted as a complete devotion to one side of knowledge. Without the integral awareness, knowledge would just be the differentiated and fragmented materials in the school that couldn't offer the enlightened awareness any more. Gradually, the scientific and rational circuit of "teaching-learning" has excluded the personal emotion. feeling and awakening in the field of education. This kinds of modem tendency justified the elimination of the spiritual and transcendental aspects from phenomena of education. In conclusion, the main goals of our education couldn't come true without overcoming the atomistic and mechanistic world-view, reason-centered view of human self, and the positivistic and intellectualistic view of knowledge. Because the main problems of contemporary education had been originated from the modem paradigm that had constructed world, human and knowledge view. So strictly clarifying the essence of modem paradigm, it would be the starting point to understand the contemporary educational problems.