가족멜로드라마를 통해서 본 북한의 변화

A Study on Family Melodramas under Kim Jung-Il's Regime - Concentrating on Transformation of North Korea's Family

이 논문은 김정일 시기 제작된 가족멜로드라마를 대상으로 하며 가족멜로 가운데 과학중시 사상을 나타낸 영화들 <흰 연기>, <해운동의 두 가정>, <부부 지배인>을 바흐친의 현실과 텍스트의 대화적 관계에 입각해서 보고자 하였다. 현재 북한은 빠르게 체제 변화를 하고 있는데 이것은 실리 사회주의로의 이동이라고 할 수 있다. 이런 변화들은 북한이 수령제 하에서 이룩한 북한의 근대화 방식이 더 이상 인민대중과 젊은 세대에게 통하지 않기 때문에 체제 개혁에 나선 결과 나온 것들이다. 체제 개혁의 가운데에서도 북한은 변화만을 언급하는 것이 아니라 부드러운 변화를 위해 사상, 충성과 같은 구시대의 가치들을 함께 말하고 있다. 과학기술중시 사상이란 북한에서 최근 19세기적 근대화 방식에서 21세기 정보화시대로 가기 위해 중요하게 언급하고 있는 것으로 북한은 그것을 김일성시대의 유산이라고 함으로써 안전하게 새로운 변화를 받아들이려 하고 있다. 또한 과학정신의 합리성, 정확함, 실용성 등은 충성을 통해 문제를 해결하거나 수령의 한마디 언급으로 갈등을 해결하는 수령제의 방식과 대립되는 것이다. 이를 통해 볼 때 최근 북한은 체제에 있어서나 영화창작방법에 있어서 온건하지만 분명한 변화를 추구하고 있으며 실리사회주의 하에서 그것은 더욱 강화될 것이다.

Kim Jung-Il' s regime was inaugurated at 1994. At beginning there was many scenarios that how to North Korea collapse. But North Korea has been taken Uhun(dying injunction) s rule and then taken amendment of the Constitution, abolition of a pillar, proclamation of pragmatic socialism. This is a trial to distance from Suryung system that is look upon North Korea modernization. There are few researches about North Korea modernization that is contrast too much investigations for South Korea modernization. One of reasons is many people consider North Korea as pre-modem society. Many scholars have been explained North Korea modernization that was finished since 1967 Suryung system beginning. They suggested an important due that was transmission by heredity. But they pass over North Korea attained industrialization for ten years and modem systems for example abolition of the right to be the head of a family, the class distinctions, the sexist etc. We need to confirm North Korea modernization and modemity that is in existence as historial entity. This thesis study on family melodramas under Kim Jung-Il regime. First of all family melodrama is important this period. Because family melodrama is allegory of gradual change at sudden turning period. Second, we makes an observation changing North Korea's familial imagination under pragmatic socialism. A family melodrama will exhibit how to Kim Jung-Il regime guide the masses into a new family, which is a metaphor of a new system. Third, family coordination last from traditional society to modern society. Janos Kornai was surveyed socialism's transformation from pre-soviet to Gorbachev, He found out the fact that family coordination sustain for a long time among social combinations, which is bureaucracy, autonomy, market, family, moral coordination, A family is also an essential coordination under pragmatic socialism, North Korea enacted the Family Right Law for the first time at 1990, The last, a family is an agency to meet South and North Korea, Italy unified by means of culture, Catholic, while Resorgimento. That is a hint for two Koreas, Because we have Confucian family cultures, Family melodrama genres suggest generation conflicts, marriage, divorce and changing sexuality etc, A family is a retrenchment of society so that it represent society consensus and changes, North Korea's rationing system served society consensus under Kim Il-Sung's Suryung system, But Kim Jung-Il make a declaration pragmatic socialism to realize goods price, This policies break family imagination in North Korea, North Korea has been set forth 'socialist big family', This assume a society through familial metaphor, Socialist big family suppose relations which Suryung-party-masses equals to father-mother-children, As everybody knows, distribution system put in operation in North Korea, Suryung satisfied masses' sneed through distribution system. But after Suryung's demise, new regime abrogated rationing system, Especially realization of rice value have an effect on masses, The rice is an important necessity for the public life, The pragmatic socialism is presumed transition period from classical socialism to market socialism, A market socialism is a way which socialist plan and capitalist market is combined a new system, The market socialism is suggest during regime change at soviet and eastern Europe, It is a China market socialism that North Korea takes as a model, It is economy reforms without political reformations. A cultural history propose new researches for daily cultural modernization, This thesis represent post-Kim Il-Sung through family melodramas, Bahkin explained cultural change to be dialogues, Thus family melodramas connected with North Korea's changing mind under pragmatic socialism, It was supported a model that is an anti-Japan tradition and a glory to come, But it raised concerns about present, niche marketing, consumption, self-choice all over the world, The changes recen