한국불교사에 있어서 度牒制의 시행과 그 의미

A Study on the Enforcement of Dochubje(度牒制) & It's Meanings in Korean Buddhist History.

The purpose of the study is to analyze the change of Dochubje(度牒制) in Korean Buddhist history. Dochubje was enforced Buddhist priest(僧侶) in order to control Buddhism. Government was encouraged the people to promote enter the Buddhist priesthood. It was called Doseongje(度僧制) or Dochubje(度牒制). Monks were increase too much at the Koryo Dynasty. Therefore, Government was to restrict the number of monks(僧徒) and was executed Dochubje in the latter half of the Koryo Dynasty. Dochubje executed to a privileged class occupation as Hyangli(鄕吏), Soldier(軍役者) but it was spreaded to a common peoples. It was executed for the aim of entering a public service according to class. Because new Confucian repressed Buddhist monks who were not sufficiently trained at temple. They were called Biseongbisogin(非僧非俗人) ; Jaegahwasang(在家和尙), Soo-wonseongdo(隨院僧徒), Dojoong(道衆), Sajang(社長) etc. The adjustment of Dochubje was the one of polices to decrease the wrong behavior of Buddhism king Taejo(太祖)'s reign in the Chosun Dynasty. It was the Dochubje with some payment(納丁錢給牒制) in law system like Kyongjeyookjeon(經濟六典). But king Taejong(太宗) and Sejong(世宗) were a whole arrangement at Buddhism in all. Government decreased the numbers of temples, the estates and servant of temples carried off the financial basis of priests. They were measure to the monks who did not have Dochubje. They gave the Dochubje with some payment in restricted to the priests who have it. So the Dochubje did not have no more special meaning as reducing the number of monks. Government enacted a law, Hopaebub(號牌法), and the monks who had a Dochub could get the Hopae. King Yaejong(睿宗) and Seongjong(成宗) executed the Buddhism policy surely like that king Saejo(世祖). After he ruled the country, king Seongjong had control monks who had not Dochub. But in those times, the number of monks was rising by ten thousand like the latter of Koryo Dynasty. Therefore, government had decreased the number of monks. After all, It was the discontinuation of the Dochubje on king Seongjong 23th year November. The suspension of the Dochubje had very important meaning to the policy concerning Buddhism in Chosun Dynasty. Monks of Buddhism was placed at outer of government's control. It was prescribed in the law like Gyeonggukdaejeon(經國大典) Thereafter, they had such trouble, but they were entered the Buddhist priesthood up to now.