승랑의 생애에 대한 재검토 Ⅱ - 강남에서의 행적 및 주옹과의 관계 -

Reexamination on the life of Seung-rang Ⅱ

I have presented a paper about the life of Seung-rang(僧朗) in the seminar held by the Korean Society of Buddhist Studies in 2004. This paper is the other half of my research on the life of Seung-rang. In this paper I illuminated the life of Seung-rang on the basis of 三論祖師傳集, and researched the birth and death time of both Chou-yung(周顒) and Seung-rang, and the relation between Chou-yung and Seung-rang. The stories on Seung-rang described in 三論祖師傳集 have some problems. The one is that of identifying 敬陵王 and 五山寺, and the other is that of interpreting the phrase of '小時講說 後時齊嘯(蕭?)所職'. In the summary of 法朗's explanation on Seung-rang's life, 敬陵王 is written as 海陵王. There were two 海陵王s in the age of Seung-rang. But the one who lived in 宋 Dynasty was killed in 461 when he was only 17 years old, and the other who lived in 濟 Dynasty was killed in the year of enthronement when he was only 15 years old. So 敬陵王 cannot be the misprint of 海陵王. In Japanese language the pronunciation of 敬 is the same with 竟. So I concluded that the letter 竟 is changed uncorrectly into 敬 during the process of copying. If we read carefully the story about 法度 written in 高僧傳 and 棲霞寺碑文, we can know the fact that 棲霞寺 was built before the time of 法度's coming. So the explanation described in 三論祖師傳集 that 五山寺 is the predecessor of 棲霞寺 is credible. And the phrase of '小時講說 後時齊嘯(蕭?)所職' is not about the life of Seung-rang but about the life of Chou-yung. In this research I traced almost all the records on Chou-yung and Seung-rang to identify the birth and death time of them. In 南史 we can read a phrase that 蕭惠開(423~471) grasped Chou-yung's hand and entered into 蜀, and in 廣弘明集 we can know Chou-yung have exchanged many letters with 張融(444~497) to criticise 張融's view that Buddhism is the same with Taoism. So we can guess that their age is near to each other. So I concluded that Chou-yung was born in the year around 440. I guess he died in 494, when 濟 明帝 killed his relatives to become a emperor. It is not so easy to identify the birth and death time of Seung-rang. I concluded that he was born in the year between 447 and 456, and he died in the year between 522 and 540. Most of scholars insisted that the age of '妙音中絶' that 智林 wrote in his letter would have been the age of 鳩摩羅什's death. But I concluded that the age of '妙音中絶' was 418, the age of invasion of 赫連勃勃 upon 長安. Then the year of '妙音中絶六十七載' is postponed to 485 and the letter of '晩' that appeared in 吉藏's explanations of '周顒晩作三宗論 … 晩有智琳法師 請周顒出三宗論' can become meaningful.