馬祖道一 禪師의 사회의식 탐구

A Study on Social Consciousness of the Zen Preist, Majo-Doil(馬祖道一)

This paper searched social consciousness showed the Zen idea of Majo(馬祖) in the three aspects. Despite somewhat boring analysis and demonstrations, I felt they left nothing to draw a conclusion. Briefly, the pith of his thought is as follows. First, the consciousness on the stratum through Majo's Zen idea is very harmonious. Therefore, he fused the non-zen(敎宗) with Zen Buddhism(禪宗) as the central figure. Again, he unified and integrated the many affiliation of the northern Zen(北宗禪) into the southern Zen(南宗禪). These can be said to be suggestive that he switched from aristocratic or highbrow Buddhism to popular and mass Buddhism. Second, the matter is whether his social consciousness held fast to negativity indeed. This point is inconsistent and discrepant each other. That is to say, while he pursued the world of consciousness that is remarkably improved in the view of unattached idea(ie emptiness, 空) of Mahayanist Buddhism, he greatly affirmed an actuality in the stand that mind-nature(性) is in the nature(自然), and then it brought about a criticism called 'denial of free will'. Third, as you're able to know by the facts mentioned above, although Majo was willing to embrace all standing on his amalgamative thoughts, he seemed that he took an neutral attitude between an embodiment of positive idea of Bodhi-sattva(菩薩) and a circular historical view of chinese tradition. If you draw a conclusion that it's his limitations, we can say that, the ulterior thought of southern Zen had immanently and inherently a perpetual overcome about a realistic limit and had the factors which could escape from an ideology of Buddhism called actual reform.