국민학교 아동을 위한 성교육프로그램 연구 - 도시 저소득층 아동을 대상으로 -

Sex Education Program Development for Elementary School Children - Focusing on Children of Poor Urban Areas -

Nowadays, the earlier physical maturity of children and the rapid social changes have made the need of sex education increasingly more important. The need of sex education for the children in poor urban areas is especially urgent bacause of their exposure to sexual situation in very small and limited living spaces. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to develop a sex education program which can help such lower class children have positive self-concepts, attitudes, and the proper knowledge about sex. The subjects of the study were 32 elementary school children from first to 6th grade, and 11 mothers were also interviewed. The program was developed on the basis of the theoretical backgrounds of the sexual developmental stages of children, a review of sex education curricula and programs, and need assessments by personal interviews with children and parents. It was found that most parents wanted sex education for their children, and children also showed high interest in the differences between men and women, pregnancy and childbirth. Considering the cognitive, affective and functional aspects of sex education, the main contents of the program were selected from such areas as creating the proper atmostphere for sex education, famiy relationship, sex-role education and attitude education of sex. For those six sub-areas of sex education, 87 teaching materials were produced, including pictures, photographs, stick puppets, clothes of dolls, and cassette tapes. Before the program was implemented, the children were divided into two groups(group 1, lower group; group 2, higher group) according to the score of the pre-questionnaire which asked of the knowledge and attitudes about sex. The six sub-areas of the program were conducted 17 Sessions(hours) during three weeks(September 18 through October 10, 1989). Both groups were taught in the afternoon in a 'study room' which was a local community welfare center. The qualitative evaluation was conducted during and after the program by the method of teacher observation and the analysis of the childrens' reactions on the post-questionnaire. From the analysis of the children's reactions the contents which the subject children showed higher interest in and concern for were found for each area as follows: a. The proper atmosphere: the meaning of sex, attitudes about sex, attitudes about physical changes. b. Biological knowledge: pregnancy, prenatal development, childbirth. c. Family relationship: peculiarities of family. d. Safety education: the right method of using tissue, behavior in dangerous situations. e. Sex-role: non-discrimination of gender in occupations. f. Attitudes: the importance of our body, positive self-concepts, discrimination of TV programs, concept of love, expressional methods of love. There were not many differences found between lower grade and high grade children. However, overall, the higher grade children(4th, 5th, 6th grades) showed more curiousity, sincerity, and comprehension compared to the lower grade children(1st, 2nd, 3rd grade).