미국과 영국의 교육사회학에서의 여성연구 : 1980~1986

Women's Studies in Sociology of Education in American and British Societies, 1980~1986

The main theme in sociology of education has been the educational inequality and its effect on the inequality of life chance. Sexual inequality is pervasive in education and society. Among structural inequalities, the sexual inequality has been accepted to be the most natural. The sexual discrimination is the outcome of the systematic combination of social structure, ideology, and culture. It looks impossible to solve the sexual inequality in this society. To equalize the sexual inequality, various ways of approaches are needed. One of the most important ways is to study the sexual inequality, which is called 'women's studies.' 'Women's studies' have not been focused in the sociology of education in Korea as well as in other countries. The researcher argues that the topics of the sexual inequality should be included in the sociology of education because the inequality is also prominent in Korean society. The theme of 'sex and education' can be found in the syllabus by the researcher for undergraduate and graduate schools. The theme can be found in the related courses as well. Yet, the researcher feels it is not well organized because of limited references from educational journals or other sources. This study of reviewing the articles about women's studies in the field of the sociology of education has two purposes : one is to compare the articles in women's studies published in American society with those of British society, and the other is to academically invite the female college students, particularly graduate students, to the women's studies. Most female college students in Korea are not conscious of their disadvantaged situation. Even though a very few female students are conscious of their situation, they are unnecessarily militant toward the sexual discrimination only on the basis of their own personal experience. Their arguments have not been supported by academic knowledge and empirical data. For studying the sexual inequality it is necessary and inevitable to read the articles of the academically advanced societies. In this study, the researcher selects two journals : one is Sociology of Education, which has been published by the American Sociological Association since 1961, and the other is British Journal of Sociology of Education, which has been managed by British sociologists and sociologists of education since 1980. This study analyzes the articles of women's studies in Sociology of Education and BJSE from 1980 to 1986. During this period, Sociology of Education published 137 articles and BJSE 107 articles. Among these articles, the researcher selected the articles focused on women's studies on the basis of having the sex/gender-related word, such as gender, sex, femininity, patriarchy, and musculine in the research title. Among the above articles, 19 articles in Sociology of Education and 14 articles in BJSE were selected to analyze according to the study interest. The ratio to the total of each journal is 13.87% (19/137) and 13.73 % (14/107), respectively. The sociologists of knowledge have asserted that knowledge is the historical and socio-cultural product. The research is the practical process for making knowledge. Therefore, it is more actually affected by the social situation. Women's studies have been conducted to remove the socially-produced structural and ideological barriers by which women are oppressed, dominated, and limited to life chance. The social situations of the nations are different and, the definitions of the situation are also different. The differently-defined situation makes the researchers to keep diverse perspectives. One's perspective determines his/her research topics. The topics in Sociology of Education are significantly different from those of BJSE. The American researchers are more concerned to know how much serious the sexual discrimination/difference is. The British sociologists of education have many deep-rooted questions about the sexual inequality. They