맹아와 약시아동을 위한 미술교육 프로그램에 대한 연구

Studying about art education program for blind, visually impaired, and sighted children

  미술이 시각과 깊은 관련이 있는 만큼 그동안 미술교육에서 맹아들과 약시아동들이 소외되어왔다. 그러나 홀린스(Hollins, 1989)의 연구에 따르면 맹아들도 그들 나름의 미술표현 발달단계를 가지고 있다. 맹아와 일반아동, 그리고 그들의 다리 역할을 해줄 약시아동이 함께 미술에 대해 대화하고 미술작품을 제작한다면 그들은 미술에 대한 서로의 독특한 경험을 배우고 공통점과 차이점을 발견할 수 있을 것이다. 이를 위 해 본인은 “손끝으로 세상보기”라는 프로그램을 개발하였다. 이 프로그램에서는 맹아와 약시아동, 일반아동이 함께 콜라주로 추상작품을 제작하고 암실 전시회를 개최한다. 암실 전시회는 일반인들에게 맹아의 입장에서 미술품을 감상하는 기회를, 다른 맹아들에게는 미술 감상의 기회를 제공할 것이다.

  Many people consider art as a visual activity. If we restrict art to being only visual, it means that blind children are ruled out as students of art education. According to Hollins(1989), blind children have their own art-expressing development steps. Discussing and making art work with blind, visually impaired, and sighted children will be a meaningful chance to learn and share each other"s unique experiences about art. In the class, seeing the world with the tip of a finger, children who have different experiences, body conditions, and knowledge of art will learn together in an integrated group. The basic understanding about abstract art is necessary for this class, so the class will start from explanation and discussion about abstract art and elements of art. Learning materials for this should be made with things with noticeable textures. Children will be able to understand the concept of elements of art such as a dot, a line, and a shape. Also, colors will be replaced by textures. From this class, blind children will have a chance to be familiar with artworks, to express themselves with artworks and to learn the way of appreciating artworks. Visually impaired children will recover their interesting and self-confidence about art. And all of children will enlarge their concepts about art and will find the new way to appreciate and express not with eyes but with other sense. After completing artworks, an exhibition will be opened in a darkroom and attendances will appreciate artworks with their fingers in the dark by following the unevenness guidelines. Before appreciating students" artworks, attendances will be educated how to appreciate artworks in the dark. This event will be a chance not only broadening the public"s conception about art but also awakening the possibility of art for the blind.