天台 圓敎와 圓頓行의 관계성 고찰

A Contemplation on The Relativity of Great Teaching and Perfect Trainning in T"ien-t"ai Order.

  Many Upayas(方便) of Pundarika-Sutra(法華經) had influenced on Chih-i(智？, 538-597) in Sui(隋) dynasty in China. He recognized that teachings of Buddhism have many Upayas at that time. However, those Upayas return to One Great Teaching, it is said that the thought of One-yana(一 乘), and it was applied to Chih-i"s Teachings and Trainings. This thesis concentrate upon the subject of all the Trainings in stand point of Pundarika"s Great Teaching. Now, I will sum up the Whole content of this thesis as four parts.   The first, Great Teachings of T"ien-t"ai should turn to one"s face. In Chih-i"s point of view, he thought that the contents of the Sutras make all the mankinds to Buddha"s interpretation. They need to many Upayas, because all mankind‘s persevering are different. Accordingly, there are many Teachings and Trainings in Chih-i"s preachings. His Teachings chase after the Buddha"s Teachings that it’s the method of Opening; Showing; Realizning; Awakening; Entering(開示悟入).   The second, Guan-ding(灌頂, 561-632) and Di-guan(諦觀) who are scholars of T"ien-t"ai Order chase after Chi-i"s Teaching Step that is Great Teaching(圓敎), of fourth The Rudimentary(藏敎), The Transmitting(通敎), The Separate(別敎)) Although Great Teaching means moderation or perfect equipment, equality, but it should be connect with common man(凡夫). That is to say, Great Teachings and Trainings should to intimate with common men, should not be separated with it.   The third, Chih-i said that The Teachings must agree with The Training in Great Teachings. So he maintained that Perfect Trainings should be accomplished by Great Teachings. In other way, it"s the same that in a theory agree with practice. He established three kind of zhi-guan(三種止觀) by three kind of Teaching(三種敎相). And he also established Five Time and Eight Teaching(五時八敎). They can be applied fifty-two steps(52位) what is Buddhist"s training steps base on Ying-luo Sutra(瓔珞經).   The fourth, T"ien-t"ai zhi guan(天台止觀) is represented the training of The Three thousand for one thought(一念三千) and Three discerning for one mind(一心三觀), and two trainings pursue The Practice of The Turth Caracter of All Things(諸法實相). The Three thousand for one thought based on Pundarika Sutra and Hua yen Sutra(華嚴經), but Three discerning for one mind based on the thought of Prajna and Nagarjna"s Teachings.   Chih-i considered the relativity in Great Teachings and Great Trainings, though they are Stepping Trainings. Although it"s Stepping Zhi Guan(漸次止觀), Chih-i emphasised, they all relate to with Maha yana and Turth caracter. Finally, all the Teachings and Trainings of T"ien-t"ai order are established by a stand point of Great Teachings, and the goal of them is also Perfect Training. And Perfect Teachings include also Stepping Trainings.