한국과 미국의 장애인 가구의 소득

Income of disability households in Korea and the United States

본 연구는 한국과 미국의 장애인 가구의 소득과 비장애인 가구의 소득을 비교하였다. 또한, 장애인들 내에서 장애의 종류 · 수 · 발생시기에 의하여 서로 다른 소집단들의 소득을 비교하였다. 끝으로, 본 연구는 장애인 가구에 있어서 빈곤에 대한 자산조사 현금급여(means-tested cash benefits)를 포함한 각종 소득원의 영향을 검토하였다. 한국의 '2000년도 장애인실태조'와 미국에서 1999년에 실시된 '1996 SlPP(Survey of Income and Program Participation, 소득 및 프로그램참여 조사)'를 이용하여 자료의 이차분석을 수행하였다. 연구 결과, 두 나라의 장애인 가구, 특히 정신지체인 또는 정신장애인 가구가 각각 비장애인 가구와 지체장애인 가구보다. 소득면에서 훨씬 뒤쳐져 있었지만, 장애정책들은 이 러한 격차에 적절히 대응하지 못했던 것으로 드러났다.

This study compared income of households with a disabled member to that of households without a disabled member between the Republic of Korea and the United States, after adjusting for demographic factors such as mean age and race/ethnicity of a household. Also, the study compared income of different sub-groups within a larger disability group by types, number, and onsets of conditions/impairments. Finally, the study examined the effects on poverty of various income sources including means-tested cash benefits for disability households. Secondary analyses of data were performed utilizing the 2000 National Disability Survey for Korea and the 1996 Survey of Income and Program Participation (conducted in 1999) for the U.S. The intent was to provide a clear understanding of the status of income on an international level. The findings indicated that, besides differences between Korea and the U.S. in income of people with disabilities, there were similarities between the two countries in this study. In both countries, compared to non-disability households, disability households were significantly poorer, more likely to have "means-tested cash transfers" or "other income sources" than "earned income" as the main source of household income, and more likely to receive means-tested cash benefits, after adjusting for demographic factors of a household. Compared to households who had a member with physical impairment, households who had a member with mental retardation or with mental disorder were significantly poorer, more likely to have income from sources other than earnings as the main source, and more likely receive means-tested cash benefits, after adjusting for number and onsets of conditions/impairments. The estimated odds of having "property income" or "other income sources" rather than "earned income" as the main source increased with onsets of conditions/impairments getting late, after adjusting for types and number of conditions/impairments, while poverty ratios decreased with onsets of conditions/impairments getting late. But disability policies have not adequately addressed these gaps.