어머니의 훈육방식과 유아의 기질이 유아의 도덕성에 미치는 영향

Effects of Mother"s Discipline Style & Children"s Temperament on Morality in Young Children

  The purpose of this study was to investigate relative effects of children"s gender and age, mothers" discipline style, and children"s temperament on young children"s morality which consisted of guilty remorse, concern over good feelings with parent after wrongdoing, confession, apology, compensation, correcting other"s wrongdoing, self-regulation, empathic and prosocial response, symbolic reproduction, and sensitivity.   Subjects of this study were consisted of 336 mothers having children aged 4 and 5 drawn from 5 kindergartens in Cheongju city. The pilot study was done to examine the applicability of survey instrument. Data were analyzed by the frequency, percentage, Cronbach coefficient, α correlations, and multiple regression analysis using SPSSWIN program.   The findings of this study were as follows.   1. Guilty remorse was higher for girls than boys and high for the children whose mothers used logical discipline style. Guilty remorse were also high for the children who had highly negative emotionality.   2. Girls were more likely to apology for wrongdoing than boys. The more mothers used logical discipline style and the less mothers used withdrawal discipline style, children tended to apology for their wrongdoing. Also, children had a tendency to apology when they had high sociability among temperament.   3. Girls were more likely to correct others" wrongdoing than boys. The younger children had a tendency to correct other"s wrongdoing than older ones. If the mothers used logical discipline style, children were likely to correct other"s wrongdoing. When children had lower active level and negative emotionality of temperament, children were high in correcting other"s wrongdoing.   4. Girls had higher level of self-regulation than boys. The more mothers used logical discipline style, the less mothers used withdrawal or punishment discipline style, the higher children"s self-regulation.   5. Girls had higher empathic and prosocial response than boys. The more mothers used logical explanations as discipline style, the less mothers used withdrawal discipline style, the higher children had empathic and prosocial response. When children had positive emotionality and high sociability, children had high empathic and prosocial response.   In conclusion, children"s morality was more explained by mothers" discipline style than children"s age, gender, and temperament.