學校組織文化에 관한 硏究

A Study on the Organizational Culture of Schools

  The notion of culture has resurfaced as a vehicle for understanding the meaning and basic character of organizational life. Concern for the organizational culture is not new. Organizational culture is an attempt to get at the feel, sense, atmosphere, character, or image of an organization. It encompasses many of the earlier notions of informal organization, norms, values, ideologies, and emergent systems. Organizational culture, then, is typically defined in term of shared organizations that hold the unit together and give it a distinctive identity. But sustantial disagreement arises about what is shared-norms, values, philosophies, perspectives, beliefs, expectations, attitudes, myths, or ceremonies. Another problem is determining the intensity of shared orientations of organizational members.   Although organizational culture has become a fashionable construct for analysis in education, much of the recent discussion of school culture remains analytical, philosophical, and rhetorical rather than empirical. The core values that tranform a school into an effective institution are as following elements: Schools are for students : experiment with teachers" teaching ; teaching and leraning are cooperative processes ; stay close to students ; strive for academic excellence ; demand high, but realistic, performance ; be open in behavior and communication ; trust colleagues ; and be professional.   Therefore, anthropological and sociological studies of school cultures are needed. The thick descriptions of qualitative studies are necessary to map the basic assumptions and common values of the cultures of schools. Educational researchers must consider the school as a whole and analyze how its practices, beliefs, and other cultural elements relate to the social structure as well as how they give meaning to social life.   Contemporary research on school culture is sparse. Although there have been numerous analyses of corporate culture and interpolations of those findings to public schools. few educational researchers have tested those findings directly in schools. Although frameworks for examining school culture in term of the shard values, beliefs, and ideologies are available, the determination of culture is not easy. Anthropological studies of schools using ethnographic techniques and linguistic are imperative if we are to begin to map the culture of schools.   The available methods which have been used measure of school culture are as following : OCDQ-RE, OCDQ-RS ; OHI ; PCO ; PCI ; POC ; SYSTEM 4 ; OCI.