主要外國 大學行政 參與集團의 役割ㆍ機能 分析

AN ANALYSIS OF THE ROLE AND FUNCTION OF THE UNIVERSITIES" REFERENCE GROUPS OF MAJOR FOREIGN COUNTRIES

  Ⅰ. Board of Trustee   The board of trustee constitutes the keystone in the governance structure of higher education. Internally, the boards of trustees set universities" goals and resolve disputes of universities. Externally, they are the connecting link between institutions of higher learning and outside authorities on some campuses, trustees operate in the shadows of the institutions.   In adition to the traditional functions of setting policy, electing president, approving budgets and key personnel appointments, the board of trustees also must participate in shaping educational priorities for the future and actively invlove themselves in the review of the quality of the institutions.   Ⅱ. Faculty   Pressing up from a departmental base, faculty members have moved into governmental affairs via the formalization of structure of senates, councils and associated committees. AAUP"s position is based on following principles : that faculties have primary responsibility over educational policies ; that they concur through established committees and procedures in acdemic personnel matters ; that they paricipate actively in the selection on budgetary decisions ; and that appropriate agencies for this participation have official standing.   In general, the role of academic senates are "legislative functions," "advisory functions," and "forensic functions". Campus senates have quasi-formal, or legislative, authority over a narrow range of issues, but their functional authority extends over a broads range.   Ⅲ. Student   The right of students tend to choose their subjects and thus to open the universities to the new studies of science and technology and of specialization in the humanities. All of which stressed the advancement of knowledge and utilitarian commitment. Students have continuously and sometimes potentialy affected the thinking and actions of professors, presidents, and trustees.   Their drive for direct participation on the govening councils and boards of colleges and universities generated real potency during the late 1960s.   It"s effectiveness remains conjectural although the evidence suggests that the students" drive for participation will tend to dissipate further the influence of boards and presidents.   Ⅳ. Government   The diffusion of governement by means of dissipation of boards and presidential influence and dispersion of operating control to departments, administrative offices, and faculty governing bodies has been accompained by the intrusion of external forces. Agencies of the federal government for all institutions and state executive offices for public ones-all have tended to bypass presidents and boards.   In general, the federal government has an obligation to support higher education programs-such as research and student aid. Public officials should limit their control of higher education to the fiscal ovrsight of such programs. To improve such oversight, NAS or UFC should establish a government higher education research forum to exchange ideas, search for agreement on research policy and resolve disputes over the administration of existing programs.   Ⅴ. Alumni and Administrative Staff   During the nineteenth century, alumni also entered actively into the government of colleges and universities. Alumni have contributed to the support of private college and universities ; and as legislators, lobbysts, and moulders of public opinion they have strategically influenced the subsidizing of civil institutions.   Formal representation by means of elected members to governing boards first appeared at Harvard University in 1865, a pattern that was followed by many other inititutions in the subsequent decades.   The administrative staff also participate jointly in influence and decision-making of t