루소의 자연개념과 자연인

Rousseau"s Notion of Nature and Natural Man

&nbsp;&nbsp;"We are born weak, we need strength; we are born totally unprovided, we need aid; we are born stupid, we need judgment. Everything we do not have at our birth and which we are growth is given us by education." This education, Rousseau writes, comes to us from nature or from men or from things. Thus, each of us is formed by three kinds of masters. It is only he for whom all three educations from these different masters coincide that is well raised.<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;The ？mile bears as its subtitle: or, of Education. It is said that the ？mile is unquestionably one of the most influential works on pedagogy ever written. Yet Rousseau himself denied that the book was a true treatise on education; on the contrary, It is a rather philosophic work on the principle that man is naturally good.<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;The organization of the ？mile follows from the natural pattern of human development: each of the five books covers the education corresponding to a distinct stage in man&quot;s life, and the structure of the book is somewhat complex, for each of the last two books contains three parts.<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;The purpose of this paper is to explain something of Rousseau&quot;s notion of nature and to show why he held natural man to be the objective for a natural education which will make a whole man. I shall attempt to examine two aspects of the meanings Rousseau gave to this ideas of nature; 1) custom and nature, 2) nature as habits. and natural man as the objective of a natural education that can be hoped for within the limits of human nature.