花郞徒의 體育思想과 體育活動에 關한 硏究

A Study on the Philosophy in Physical Education and Physical Activities of Shilla Chivalry(Hwarangdo)

&nbsp;&nbsp;How did Shilla accomplish the unification of the three ancient countries(Kokuryu, Pakjae, Shilla) although it had the latest government among them? It was because they produced Elite through the organization of Hwarangdo.<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;Thus this study aimed to recognize the philosophy in their physical education and their physical activities on which the fulfillment of unification by Shilla based.<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;The purpose of Hwarangdo was to make the strong military organization and a strong chivalry based on faithfulness and courage for the subsistence of the country.<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;The children of the noble families who were qualified in their beauty and noble manners could be a Hwarang. For the organization of Hwarangdo, there were special levels. Above Hwarang was the general(Kuksun), below Hwarang were the ranks(Rangdo). Among the ranks there was a priest who took part in advising and educating Hwarangdo and assisted Hwarang.<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;In Shilla, the Elite was originally from the nobility, but the common people were given democratic opportunities according to the special characteristics of Hwarang System.<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;The spirit of Hwarangdo consisted of Faithfulness, Patriotism, Mercy, Trustworthiness, that is, it represented three creeds of humbleness, thrift and benevolence. The Hwarangdo had the physical thoughts of Mind and Body Monism that required beauty and goodness. So it aimed All-round Education.<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;The philosophy of Hwarangdo picked out thoughts of Patriotism, Religion and Amusement which were shown in everyday lives consisting of singing and dancing, games, recreation and sports. The physical activities of Hwarangdo consisted of fencing, T&quot; aekwondo, horse riding, soccer, wrestling and polo, and for the recreational activities were stone throwing, hunting, hunting with hawks and kite flying.