日本からみたマレーシアの｢ヘゲモニー政党制｣の適応性 - 都市部における社会経済変動に対するその適応性 -

The Adaptability of Malaysia’s Hegemonic Party System in Japan’s Perspective - Its Adaptability for Scio-economic Changes in Urban Areas -

&nbsp;&nbsp;In Japan, we have managed to socio-economic development, socio-economic equality and political stability at the same time, and also the ruling Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) have established one party dominant party system, particularly through the period of 1960s, 1970s and 1980s. Conventionally, as socio-economic development is firstly pursued, socioeconomic inequality, especially inequality of income distribution is expanded, economic strikes and political demonstrations may be caused, and as a result political instability may be brought about. In the same way as just like in the case of other developing countries, in that of Malaysia, because the country have had priority over socio-economic development, the inequality had resulted particularly through the period of 1960s and 1970s. But in the case of Malaysia different from those of Japan and the other developing countries, in spite of its socio-economic inequality, it has enjoyed political stability since 1970s. It seems that this is due to the characteristics of its party system rather than some socioeconomic policies by Malaysian government.<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;Thereby, this article tries to consider to how Malaysia’s party system, in other word, the “hegemonic party system” absorbed socio-economic discontents caused by the socioeconomic inequality and contributed to political stability. Particularly, it takes up the First Oil Crisis in urban areas as the analytic case. Since, during this period, the socioeconomic inequality and economic state were worse than those at other time. Therefore the analysis is conducted as follows: Firstly, urban economy and the First Oil Crisis are featured. Secondly, the economic policies by government and as a result, economic malcontents in urban areas are characterized. Lastly, how Malaysia’s hegemony party system absorbed the socio-economic discontents brought about by unequal income distribution and the Oil Crisis, and stabilized the politics will be analyzed. It appears that, based on these analysises, the original model of Malaysia’s political development is able to be described as we previously pointed out.