문자발달과정을 설명하는 범언어적인 이론과 문자간 철자발달의 비교연구 Review

A Review of Theory and Research about Cross-Linguistic Spelling Development

  1990년대 후반에서 지금까지 범언어적인(cross-linguistic) 문자기술의 발달단계는 각 나라마다 다른 학습장애의 발현모습을 이해하기 위해서 매우 중요한 연구영역으로 여겨져 왔다. 우리나라에서도 근래에 음운발달이나 철자발달에 대한 관심이 증가하고 있다. 최근 미국과 유럽에서는 지난 10여년간의 범언어적인 발달연구결과를 토대로 문자마다 다른 발달과정을 설명하는 이론들을 내어놓고 있다. 본 논문은 그러한 이론들 중에서 가장 많이 인용되는 세가지 이론을 짚어보고 이 이론들이 문자교육과정에 시사하는 바를 정리하였다. 이어서 범어적인 비교연구들 중에서 특히 철자발달과정의 차이를 밝힌 논문들을 정리하였고, 논문의 마지막에는 한글에서 철자발달연구를 보여준 논문들을 정리하면서 앞으로의 연구방향을 제시하였다.

&nbsp;&nbsp;The purpose of this study is to review recent psycholinguistic theories and cross-linguistic studies that provide insights about orthographic development of Korean children. Since 1990s, researchers paid much attention towards cross-linguistic studies in search of the similarities and differences of the manifestation of learning disabilities across languages. Because the learning problem cannot be discussed without understanding the general literacy development, literacy development has been compared across languages as well. These cross-linguistic studies were founded on the psycholinguistic theories that provide framework to explain differences and similarities of languages.<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;In the first part of this paper, the author reviewed three most cited psycholinguistic theories in cross-linguistic studies: The theory of orthographic depth (Katz &amp; Frost, 1992), theory of psycholinguistic grain size (Ziegler &amp; Goswami, 2005), and the universal grammar (Perfetti, 2003). Following the review of theories, the author described implication of each theory to special education instruction.<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;The second part of the paper provides a review of cross-linguistic studies that compared orthographic development in different languages. Since the purpose of review is to provide Korean teachers and researchers an insight about the literacy development of Hangul users, the review focused on the cross-linguistic studies that included shallow orthography users. Hangul is one of the most representative shallow orthography, and the studies about other shallow orthography would provide Korean educators the most applicable data.<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;The theories and studies suggested that because Hangul is one of the most transparent shallow orthographies, it would have clear one-to-one correspondence between graphemes and phonemes. This clear correspondence would help young children to establish orthographic map in the early stage of development as was found among German, Greek, and Czech users. In turn, this early orthographic mapping would help Korean children to acquire a firm phonemic awareness and to develop reading skill during early years of schooling. At the end of the paper, the author summarized the review and suggested the future research direction about Hangul orthographic development.