天台智顗의 圓頓止觀에서 方便의 의미

The Meaning of Chih-i's Yuan-Tun Chih-Kuan from the Upāya

&nbsp;&nbsp;The aim of this paper is to clarify the meaning of Yuan-Tun Chih-Kuan set forth by Chih-i. Yuan-Tun Chih-Kuan is based on the theory of nonduality. This means Yuan-Tun Chih-Kuan cannot be compatible with up？ya as expedient means for reaching the real. By the way, Chih-i proposed religious rituals as up？ya for Yuan-Tun Chih-Kuan. This is controversial. Having the concerning in this problem, this paper clarified the meaning of up？ya from the meaning of miao[妙]<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;The meaning of miao consists of the relative and the absolute. In the relative, miao considers up？ya in relation to the real as the expedient means for reaching the real, and denies it. The absolute means that there is nothing which is relative. According to the absolute, miao considers up？ya is identical with the real. The absolute miao redefines up？ya as the real. If up？ya is identicl with the real, up？ya can be compatible with Yuan-Tun Chih-Kuan. The meaning of up？ya identical with the real is well described in the Lotus Sam？dhi.