초기경전에 나타난 망상(papañca)에 대한 일고찰

A Study on Papañca in Early Buddhism

&nbsp;&nbsp;In this paper, I proposed that in its generation and disappearance, papa？ca has circular and ramified structure. Because of this structure, papa？ca is able to generate and disappear. This structure can be shown in Madhupi？？ika Sutta and Sakkapa？ha Sutta. In Madhupi？？ika Sutta, "When there is the manifestation of thinking(vitakka), it is possible to point out the manifestation of besetment by perception and notion [born of] mental proliferation(papa？casa？？？sa？kh？)", in Sakkapa？ha Sutta, "thinking arises from perception and notion [born of] mental proliferation". Connecting Madhupi？？ika Sutta and Sakkapa？ha Sutta, we can gain circular structure in generation of papa？ca. By vicious circular structure, papa？casa？？？sa？kh？ is more substantialized and becomes fundamental of all evil state in private and public.<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;Substantializing tendency arises from the ideation(sa？？？). sense perception is conceptualized by sa？？？ and conception is ratiocinated by thinking(vitakka) and ratiocination is proliferated by proliferation(papa？ca). All this process is mediated by language. After all arises papa？casa？？？sa？kh？ in the end. Papa？casa？？？sa？kh？ act as catalyst to amplify the process. In the basis of the proliferation lies concept-I. Proposition "I am(asmi)" is the most fundamental papa？ca.<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;Ramified structure can cut off the vicious circle. If the structure is non-ramified, there is no nibbana. Phassa, vedan？, sa？？？ and vitakka have two perspective, negative and positive. Therefore in negative perspective, we get to generate and diffuse the papa？ca, but in positive perspective, we can cease to the papa？ca. To eliminate the papa？ca, above all must we protect our sensual function.