실재의 상징적 재현과 해석의 문제

The Symbolic Representation of the Real and the Problem of Interpretation

&nbsp;&nbsp;One of the critical issues in Lacanian epistemology is how to define the relationship between the symbolic and the real. If the real “resists symbolization absolutely”(S I: 66) and “doesn&quot;t stop not being written”(S XX:94), how is it that the real is not represented in symbolic form, but is nevertheless presented somehow, and thus that the object a represents the presence of an unsymbolized Real element within the structure of the symbolic order itself?<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;This essay draws attention to what Lacan means by identifying Freud&quot;s concept of Vorstellungsrepr？sentanz with the signifier and to the way in which the signifier serves to mark something that escapes representation: “It is less a representative representative than a non-representative representative” (FFCP: 218). According to Lacan, the real is approachable only in and through language, for Das Ding, which is ‘hors-signifi？,’ only presents itself to the extent that it becomes word.<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;Closely related to this linguistic accession to the real is the problem of interpretation in analysis, for the analytic interpretation can hit and have an impact upon the real. It hits that around which the analysand keeps circling, beating around the bush, without being able to ‘put it into words.’<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;Lacan says that interpretation is ‘apophantic,’ which means ‘categorical,’ ‘declarative,’ or ‘assertive.’ This thesis of Lacan&quot;s is fairly lengthily discussed here in terms of ‘construction in analysis’ as elaborated in Freud&quot;s essay of the same title.<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;When Freud employed the word ‘construction’ instead of ‘reconstruction,’ which has something to do with his long-cherished ‘archeological truth,’ he must have had in mind what contemporary narrative-oriented theorists call ‘narrative truth,’ which can produce in the analysand ‘an assured conviction [sichere ？berzeugung]’ of the truth of the construction which achieves the same therapeutic result as a recaptured memory.