獨逸 大學의 成立 課程과 獨逸 大學에서 自由, 自治, 그리고 改革

A Study on the Foundation and the Reformation of the German Universities

  The oldest continually operating European universities are the Bologna University and the Paris University. They are generated and governed themselves. In contrast with them, the early German universities are founded by the states (L？nder or the Emperors). The German universities had eagerly tried to get the power of self-governance, because a university was identified by its "self-governance" system at that time. The German universities only got the power within the limits, that is, within the state"s order. The German universities, thus, were classified into the 3rd-type-university as compared to the Bologna University and the Paris University. Hereafter, the German universities have experienced some breakthroughs with regard to so-called "freedom of university." The Halle University, the G？ttingen University, and the Berlin University were on the cutting edge. Modern universities have learned a lot from the history of German universities, especially with relation to how the universities have dealt the pressure of the states or of the external powers. In the mean time, at present, many universities in the world keep an eye on the high education reformation plan of Germany. The plan sets a high competitive university model after the U.S. private universities. People around the world want to know the cost and the benefit of the Americanization in the academic field from the experiment of the German universities.