This research attempts to present a framework of how public management shapes public participation in the policy process. By looking conceptually at the managerial practices in decision-making process, the paper analyzes how bureaucracy determines the degree of public participation. Various components that influence managerial practices are grouped into five categories: individual variable, organizational structure, structure of participation program, nature of policy, and political dynamics. This study views participation as a result of the negotiation and compromise between the bureaucratic module and democratic norms.
Introduction<BR>The Research Question<BR>The Public and the Public Participation<BR>How Does Public Management Shape Public Participation? : A New Perspective<BR>Conclusion<BR>References<BR>
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