일본 가부키(歌舞伎)극의 구마도리(外取)에 관한 연구

A Study of the Kumadori in the Japanese Traditional Opera Kabuki

&nbsp;&nbsp;Kabuki which is one of the representative playing operas in contemporary Japan has been grown up to get a world-wide fame in the peculiar environment and soil of Japan. Kabuki is a complex opera mixing with songs, dances and artistic accomplishments, has been originated from the dancing performances which were displayed by Okuni, a female sharman dressed like a man, cherishing the memory of her late husband died in the war, on the Kyoto riverside makeshift stage.<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;The Arakodo of the Tokyo district is an opera having the subject of fidelity and loyalty with the promotion of virture and reproval of vice which is uniquely possessed by warriors (Samurai), and the Wakodo of the Kyoto and Osaka districts is the one mainly composed of a romance on the brothel. The charateristics of these lie in the unique stages performed by the male actor acting as a Onnagata dressed like a woman.<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;There are more than hundreds of Kabuki operas mounted on the stages during the past 400 years, but the frequently played famous eighteen masterworks are belonged to the Arakodo operas.<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;The make-up design Kumadori is a peculiar technique which is able to show the audiance the personaliy, age and social rank of the character at a glance, and for instance, the reckless style has a white ground, skin-color hands, black eyebrows and pink lips, and the rascal style has skin-color hands, black eyes region and black lips, and the throughbred style has red lips, black eyes region, red infra-eyes region, white hands, and the royalist has black eyes region, white hands, and finally the ghost style has disgusting black and brown color.<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;Nowadays, looking back at the more than 400 years Kabuki history, it has keeping up with good tradition being piled on one another of its own and digesting well the western one, and it keeps proper harmony with Arakodo and akodo without any conflict of each other. And today, there are various back-grounds that Kabuki has getting a world-wide fame, such as, an unique craftmanship, Kabuki&quot;s exclusive use of its own theather tinted with tradition and self-conceit, and supporter&quot;s associations which patronize actors abundantly both materially and morally, i.e., encouraging letters and gifts, cheering up them to take their destined way.