조직구성원의 목표성향이 창의적 과업성과에 미치는 영향

The Influence of Goal Orientation on Creative Task Performance

  본 연구의 목적은 조직구성원의 학습목표성향과 평가목표성향이 제안활동 성과에 미치는 영향을 파악하는 것으로서, 선행연구를 바탕으로 제안 목표수준과 창의적 문제해결노력을 매개변수로 한 과정모형을 설정하고, 이를 실증적으로 검증하였다. 항공기 제조업체 근로자 400명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하고 자료를 분석한 결과, 학습목표성향이 강한 근로자일수록 제안 목표수준을 높게 설정하고 창의적 문제해결 노력을 많이 하여 제안활동 성과가 높아지는 것으로 나타났다. 구체적으로 학습목표성향이 높을수록 제안 목표수준과 창의적 문제해결 노력이 높아지고, 이들은 각각 높은 제안성과로 이어지는 것이 파악되었다. 그리고 제안 목표수준은 창의적 문제해결 노력을 통해 간접적으로도 제안성과에 정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 평가목표성향은 예상과 달리 직접적으로나 매개 변수를 통해 간접적으로나 제안활동 성과에 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 제안활동과 같은 창의적 과업수행에 있어서 학습목표성향이 중요한 결정요인으로 작용함을 보여주는 것으로서 학문적으로나 실무적으로 의미 있는 시사점을 주는 것으로 판단된다. 결론부분에 본 연구의 시사점과 한계점, 그리고 향후 연구방향에 대해 논의하였다.

&nbsp;&nbsp;Recently, there is a growing accumulation of evidence that learning goal orientation has positive impact on work-related behaviors and performance. And one study suggested that there would be greater difference in performance between learning goal orientation and performance goal orientation in non-routine, creative tasks than in routine ones(Vandewalle, 2001). Though this speculation involves essential characteristics of learning goal orientation, no theoretical and empirical follow-up studies were conducted so far. The purpose of this study is then to identify the influence of goal orientation on creative task performance, specifically suggestion performance. Since the suggestion activities amount to the most creative part of job for most workers, relating goal orientation and suggestion performance is considered meaningful. In the previous studies, learning goal orientation was said to yield self-regulation processes resulting in higher job performance. Based on this literature, this study constructed a self-regulation process model including suggestion goal level and creative problem-solving efforts as mediators. And goal orientation was conceptualized as two independent factors as in previous studies--i.e., learning goal orientation and performance goal orientation. The hypotheses which were tested in this study are as follows.<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;H1: The stronger learning goal orientation of the employees, the higher suggestion goal level they will set.<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;H2: The stronger learning goal orientation of the employees, the more problem-solving efforts they will make.<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;H3: The stronger performance goal orientation of the employees, the lower suggestion goal level they will set.<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;H4: The stronger performance goal orientation of the employees, the less problem-solving efforts they will make.<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;H5: The higher suggestion goal level of the employees, the higher suggestion performance they will yield.<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;H6: The higher suggestion goal level of the employees, the more problem-solving efforts they will make.<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;H7: The more problem-solving efforts of the employees, the higher suggestion performance they will yield.<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;In order to test above hypotheses, this study conducted a questionnaire survey for 400 workers employed by an airplane manufacturing company in Kyungnam Province in Korea. The results produced by covariance structure analyses are as follows.<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;Among 7 hypotheses, hypothesis 1, 2, 5, 6, 7 were supported after controlling for common method variance. The above results can be restated in the process viewpoint. The workers who are higher in learning goal orientation were found to set higher suggestion goal level and to engage in higher creative problem-solving efforts, which contributed higher suggestion performance. And suggestion goal level was found to positively affect suggestion performance directly and indirectly through its effect on creative problem-solving efforts. On the other hand, performance goal orientation was found not to affect any mediators and the dependent variable of this study. Taken together, the results of this study support VandeWalle&quot;s(2001) speculation that learning goal orientation would be greatly differentiated from performance goal orientation in its impact on performance especially in non-routine and creative tasks.<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;Academic implication of this study includes the empirical finding that goal orientation affects creative task performance through self-regulatory processes, which were specified as goal level and creative problem-solving efforts. And practically, the fact that learning goal orientation is strongly related to suggestion performance seem to indicate the importance of nurturing learning goal orientation among employees in order to improve creative job performance. Past research suggested that goal orientation was somewhat stable individual differe