律藏과 宗憲 宗法과의 비교 연구 - 僧侶法을 중심으로

A Comparative Study of Vinaya-pitaka and the Codes of Chogye Order

&nbsp;&nbsp;According to Vinaya-pi？aka, violation of parajika by bhik？us or bhik？u？？s should be punished with expulsion from Sangha. In case of other violations, however, the violators are not expelled from Sa？gha but disciplined in various ways. In all the diverse cases of violations, "repenting" is one of the most important and indispensible element of discipline. The violator has to repent of his or her sin and make vow never to commit it in public. Repenting thus is one of the most important discipline for the harmonization of Sa？gha. The minimum number of audience of a repenting rite is prescribed in proportion to the seriousness of the violation, ranging from just one colleague bhik？uk to twenty.<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;S？n (Ch"an, Zen) monasteries (sa？gh？r？mas) have Ch"ing-kuei or "Codes of Purity," a characteristic feature of S？n school as an independent ecclesiastical institution of Buddhism. Punishments of violation of the Codes are also various in accordance with the seriousness. The heaviest one is permanent expulsion from S？n Sa？gha, corresponding to Parajika of Vinaya-pi？aka. The second heaviest one is removal from register and all offices of S？n Sa？gha. In this case, the violator however may regain the status after some period of punishment and repenting. This corresponds to sa？ghava？esa of Vinaya that results in restriction of thirty five items.<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;The Codes of Purity of S？n thus retains essential continuity with Vinaya while adapting it to particular historical, geographical and cultural conditions. Without such adaptation or modification, S？n school would not have been able to act and spread as an independent Buddhist institution. It can thus be said that a S？n order"s vitality is determined by its fidelity to its own codes of purity.<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;The Codes of Chogye Order are also established on the basis of Vinaya with modifications in accordance with practicality. They are calibrated and optimized for the geographical and cultural conditions of Korean society today. They can be therefore taken as a localized and modernized form of Vinaya. Chogye Order would not be able to recover its vitality and identity as a healthy S？n order without adequate fidelity to its Codes.