Gender Difference Revealed in the Aggregate Labor Market

Gender Difference Revealed in the Aggregate Labor Market

  본 고는 거시노동시장의 고용통계를 대상으로 고용량의 변화과정이 성별로 어떠한 차이 가 있는지를 확인하고자 하였다. 노동시장을 전산업 및 다양한 산업별, 고용형태별로 구분 하여 분석한 결과, 고용통계는 성별로 인상적인 차이가 있음을 확인하였다. 그러한 성별차이의 특징은 노동시장별로 인상적인 차이를 보이고 있었다. 특히, 제조업과 서비스업, 임금 근로자와 자영업 노동시장에서는 일관된 차이를 보여주고 있어서 성별차이의 원인이 성차별인지 성별차인지를 확인하기 위한 가설을 제시하였다. 이후에 그러한 차이의 원인을 식별하는 것은 유용한 연구일 것이다.

  This paper deals with the discriminatory behavior in firms" hiring and firing decisions. It is argued that female workers are the last to be hired and first to be fired. This paper hypothesizes that ifthis kind of gender discrimination were to take place systematically in the labor market, the resulting employment fluctuations of male workers would be different from those of female workers. This paper attempts to determine how the aggregate employment fluctuations of men and women are affected by gender discrimination. Combining gender-discriminatory hiring and firing activity with the fact that economic fluctuations are said to be asymmetric in the sense that upturns are more frequent and less pronounced than downturns. we hypothesize that the employment fluctuations of female workers are more asymmetric than those of male workers. Assuming that the employment fluctuations of male and female workers can be described by a 2nd order Markov stochastic process, the transition probabilities can be estimated by the Maximum likelihood method. The empirical results show that the employment fluctuations of female workers are more asymmetric than those of male workers, while they are both asymmetric in the typical way. More interestingly. gender difference in asymmetric fluctuations is found to be stronger for wageworkers than for non-wage workers, but no difference is found in the case of self-employed workers. It is also found to be stronger for temporarily employed wageworkers than for permanently employed wageworkers.