영어와 한국어 관광안내 텍스트의 테너(담화 참여자 관계) 분석

Differences in Mood and Modality Realizations of ‘Tenor’ Between English and Korean Tourist Texts

This paper aims to analyze differences in the use of mood and modality between English and Korean tourist texts as realizations of the tenor (discourse participant relationship) in the context of situation. Theoretically, it follows register analysis methods developed within M.A.K. Hallday's Systemic Functional Grammar. Halliday's model posits three main constituents in the Context of Situation - Field (topics and actions), Tenor (participant relations) and Mode (medium of text production). These contextual variables are linked to various choices in lexico-grammar that together make up a text. These associations between situation and text are, in turn, influenced by the Context of Culture as the outermost layer of context, giving rise to the possibility of cross-cultural variations. The present study shows that English tourist texts make use of all three mood choices in English declarative, imperative and interrogative in that order of frequency, whereas Korean tourist texts are constituted predominantly by declaratives. Modality occurs on a highly limited basis in both languages. Based upon these findings, the study suggests that the author-reader relationship in English texts can be configured on two dimensions - (1) ‘information giver’-‘information taker’ as realized by declarative clauses and (2) ‘advice giver’-‘advice taker’ as constituted by the use of imperative and interrogative clauses. By contrast, the relationship is practically confined to the single dimension of ‘information giver’- ‘information taker’ in the case of Korean texts, which makes them more oriented to ‘information’ and less to ‘action’ than their English counterparts.