This paper is one from series of reports in which we discuss the data obtained during excavation of the Boysman-2 site on the western shore of the Peter the Great Bay. The Neolithic artifacts from the shell mound, as well as from the burial plot and pit dwelling discovered under the shell mound are related to the new archaeological culture that we has named the Boysmanskaya one. At that time (from 6,500 to 5,000 yrs B.P) the men were exploiting food resources on land and sea. There are artifacts of the Zaysanovskya culture of the developed Neolithic in the layer over the shell mound. having investigated the spores-pollen spectra from the culture layeres, we restore some signigicant landscape change(around 5,000 yrs B.P.) that was connected with cooling and decreasing humidity of climate. As a result, forest-steppe and steepe widende more and more in place of the rich broad-leaved forest which existed in the area before. The replacement of the Boysmanskaya population by the Zayasanovskaya one coincided with the environmental change. In the life of the latter, marine resources might have not played such an important role.However, the new settlers, probably, had som skills of agriculture